Lanthanide (Eu(3+)/Tb(3+))-Loaded γ-Cyclodextrin Nano-Aggregates for Smart Sensing of the Anticancer Drug Irinotecan

The clinical use of anticancer drugs necessitates new technologies for their safe, sensitive, and selective detection. In this article, lanthanide (Eu(3+) and Tb(3+))-loaded γ-cyclodextrin nano-aggregates (ECA and TCA) are reported, which sensitively detects the anticancer drug irinotecan by fluorescence intensity changes. Fluorescent lanthanide (Eu(3+) and Tb(3+)) complexes exhibit high fluorescence intensity, narrow and distinct emission bands, long fluorescence lifetime, and insensitivity to photobleaching. However, these lanthanide (Eu(3+) and Tb(3+)) complexes are essentially hydrophobic, toxic, and non-biocompatible. Lanthanide (Eu(3+) and Tb(3+)) complexes were loaded into naturally hydrophilic γ-cyclodextrin to form fluorescent nano-aggregates. The biological nontoxicity and cytocompatibility of ECA and TCA fluorescent nanoparticles were demonstrated by cytotoxicity experiments. The ECA and TCA fluorescence nanosensors can detect irinotecan selectively and sensitively through the change of fluorescence intensity, with detection limits of 6.80 μM and 2.89 μM, respectively. ECA can safely detect irinotecan in the cellular environment, while TCA can detect irinotecan intracellularly and is suitable for cell labeling.