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Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L.
Auxin participates in various physiological and molecular response-related developmental processes and is a pivotal hormone that regulates phenotypic formation in plants. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are vital transcription factors that mediate downstream auxin signaling by explicitly binding to au...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743196 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126754 |
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author | Guo, Fangyun Xiong, Wulai Guo, Jing Wang, Guibin |
author_facet | Guo, Fangyun Xiong, Wulai Guo, Jing Wang, Guibin |
author_sort | Guo, Fangyun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Auxin participates in various physiological and molecular response-related developmental processes and is a pivotal hormone that regulates phenotypic formation in plants. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are vital transcription factors that mediate downstream auxin signaling by explicitly binding to auxin-responsive genes’ promoters. Here, to investigate the possible developmental regulatory functions of ARFs in Ginkgo biloba, through employing comprehensive bioinformatics, we recognized 15 putative GbARF members. Conserved domains and motifs, gene and protein structure, gene duplication, GO enrichment, transcriptome expression profiles, and qRT-PCR all showed that Group I and III members were highly conserved. Among them, GbARF10b and GbARF10a were revealed as transcriptional activators in the auxin response for the development of Ginkgo male flowers through sequences alignment, cis-elements analysis and GO annotation; the results were corroborated for the treatment of exogenous SA. Moreover, the GbARFs expansion occurred predominantly by segmental duplication, and most GbARFs have undergone purifying selection. The Ka/Ks ratio test identified the functional consistence of GbARF2a and GbARF2c, GbARF10b, and GbARF10a in tissue expression profiles and male flower development. In summary, our study established a new research basis for exploring Ginkgo GbARF members’ roles in floral organ development and hormone response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9223646 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92236462022-06-24 Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L. Guo, Fangyun Xiong, Wulai Guo, Jing Wang, Guibin Int J Mol Sci Article Auxin participates in various physiological and molecular response-related developmental processes and is a pivotal hormone that regulates phenotypic formation in plants. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are vital transcription factors that mediate downstream auxin signaling by explicitly binding to auxin-responsive genes’ promoters. Here, to investigate the possible developmental regulatory functions of ARFs in Ginkgo biloba, through employing comprehensive bioinformatics, we recognized 15 putative GbARF members. Conserved domains and motifs, gene and protein structure, gene duplication, GO enrichment, transcriptome expression profiles, and qRT-PCR all showed that Group I and III members were highly conserved. Among them, GbARF10b and GbARF10a were revealed as transcriptional activators in the auxin response for the development of Ginkgo male flowers through sequences alignment, cis-elements analysis and GO annotation; the results were corroborated for the treatment of exogenous SA. Moreover, the GbARFs expansion occurred predominantly by segmental duplication, and most GbARFs have undergone purifying selection. The Ka/Ks ratio test identified the functional consistence of GbARF2a and GbARF2c, GbARF10b, and GbARF10a in tissue expression profiles and male flower development. In summary, our study established a new research basis for exploring Ginkgo GbARF members’ roles in floral organ development and hormone response. MDPI 2022-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9223646/ /pubmed/35743196 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126754 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Guo, Fangyun Xiong, Wulai Guo, Jing Wang, Guibin Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L. |
title | Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L. |
title_full | Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L. |
title_fullStr | Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L. |
title_full_unstemmed | Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L. |
title_short | Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L. |
title_sort | systematic identification and expression analysis of the auxin response factor (arf) gene family in ginkgo biloba l. |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743196 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126754 |
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