Cargando…
Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant
In this study, we describe the incidence and distribution of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia at district level and determine their correlation with absolute population and population density, before and during the period that the Delta variant was dominant in Malaysia. Methods: Data on the number of loca...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223655/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35742687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127439 |
_version_ | 1784733178311737344 |
---|---|
author | Md Iderus, Nuur Hafizah Lakha Singh, Sarbhan Singh Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Yoon Ling, Cheong Cia Vei, Tan Md Zamri, Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Ahmad Jaafar, Nadhar Ruslan, Qistina Ahmad Jaghfar, Nur Huda Gill, Balvinder Singh |
author_facet | Md Iderus, Nuur Hafizah Lakha Singh, Sarbhan Singh Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Yoon Ling, Cheong Cia Vei, Tan Md Zamri, Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Ahmad Jaafar, Nadhar Ruslan, Qistina Ahmad Jaghfar, Nur Huda Gill, Balvinder Singh |
author_sort | Md Iderus, Nuur Hafizah |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study, we describe the incidence and distribution of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia at district level and determine their correlation with absolute population and population density, before and during the period that the Delta variant was dominant in Malaysia. Methods: Data on the number of locally transmitted COVID-19 cases in each of the 145 districts in Malaysia, between 20 September 2020 and 19 September 2021, were manually extracted from official reports. The cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, population and population density of each district were described using choropleth maps. The correlation between population and population density with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in each district in the pre-Delta dominant period (20 September 2020–29 June 2021) and during the Delta dominant period (30 June 2021–19 September 2021) were determined using Pearson’s correlation. Results: COVID-19 cases were strongly correlated with both absolute population and population density (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.87 and r = 0.78, respectively). A majority of the districts had higher numbers of COVID-19 cases during the Delta dominant period compared to the pre-Delta period. The correlation coefficient in the pre-Delta dominant period was r = 0.79 vs. r = 0.86 during the Delta dominant period, whereas the pre-Delta dominant population density was r = 0.72, and in the Delta dominant period, r = 0.76. Conclusion: More populous and densely populated districts have a higher risk of transmission of COVID-19, especially with the Delta variant as the dominant circulating strain. Therefore, extra and more stringent control measures should be instituted in highly populated areas to control the spread of COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9223655 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92236552022-06-24 Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant Md Iderus, Nuur Hafizah Lakha Singh, Sarbhan Singh Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Yoon Ling, Cheong Cia Vei, Tan Md Zamri, Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Ahmad Jaafar, Nadhar Ruslan, Qistina Ahmad Jaghfar, Nur Huda Gill, Balvinder Singh Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In this study, we describe the incidence and distribution of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia at district level and determine their correlation with absolute population and population density, before and during the period that the Delta variant was dominant in Malaysia. Methods: Data on the number of locally transmitted COVID-19 cases in each of the 145 districts in Malaysia, between 20 September 2020 and 19 September 2021, were manually extracted from official reports. The cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, population and population density of each district were described using choropleth maps. The correlation between population and population density with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in each district in the pre-Delta dominant period (20 September 2020–29 June 2021) and during the Delta dominant period (30 June 2021–19 September 2021) were determined using Pearson’s correlation. Results: COVID-19 cases were strongly correlated with both absolute population and population density (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.87 and r = 0.78, respectively). A majority of the districts had higher numbers of COVID-19 cases during the Delta dominant period compared to the pre-Delta period. The correlation coefficient in the pre-Delta dominant period was r = 0.79 vs. r = 0.86 during the Delta dominant period, whereas the pre-Delta dominant population density was r = 0.72, and in the Delta dominant period, r = 0.76. Conclusion: More populous and densely populated districts have a higher risk of transmission of COVID-19, especially with the Delta variant as the dominant circulating strain. Therefore, extra and more stringent control measures should be instituted in highly populated areas to control the spread of COVID-19. MDPI 2022-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9223655/ /pubmed/35742687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127439 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Md Iderus, Nuur Hafizah Lakha Singh, Sarbhan Singh Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni Yoon Ling, Cheong Cia Vei, Tan Md Zamri, Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Ahmad Jaafar, Nadhar Ruslan, Qistina Ahmad Jaghfar, Nur Huda Gill, Balvinder Singh Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant |
title | Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant |
title_full | Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant |
title_fullStr | Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant |
title_short | Correlation between Population Density and COVID-19 Cases during the Third Wave in Malaysia: Effect of the Delta Variant |
title_sort | correlation between population density and covid-19 cases during the third wave in malaysia: effect of the delta variant |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223655/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35742687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127439 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mdiderusnuurhafizah correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT lakhasinghsarbhansingh correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT mohdghazalisumarni correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT yoonlingcheong correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT ciaveitan correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT mdzamriahmedsyahmisyafiq correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT ahmadjaafarnadhar correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT ruslanqistina correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT ahmadjaghfarnurhuda correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant AT gillbalvindersingh correlationbetweenpopulationdensityandcovid19casesduringthethirdwaveinmalaysiaeffectofthedeltavariant |