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Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis

Transporters of the NRAMP family are ubiquitous metal-transition transporters, playing a key role in metal homeostasis, especially in Mn and Fe homeostasis. In this work, we report the characterization of the NRAMP family members (RiSMF1, RiSMF2, RiSMF3.1 and RiSMF3.2) of the arbuscular mycorrhizal...

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Autores principales: López-Lorca, Víctor Manuel, Molina-Luzón, María Jesús, Ferrol, Nuria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9224570/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35736075
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8060592
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author López-Lorca, Víctor Manuel
Molina-Luzón, María Jesús
Ferrol, Nuria
author_facet López-Lorca, Víctor Manuel
Molina-Luzón, María Jesús
Ferrol, Nuria
author_sort López-Lorca, Víctor Manuel
collection PubMed
description Transporters of the NRAMP family are ubiquitous metal-transition transporters, playing a key role in metal homeostasis, especially in Mn and Fe homeostasis. In this work, we report the characterization of the NRAMP family members (RiSMF1, RiSMF2, RiSMF3.1 and RiSMF3.2) of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Phylogenetic analysis of the NRAMP sequences of different AM fungi showed that they are classified in two groups, which probably diverged early in their evolution. Functional analyses in yeast revealed that RiSMF3.2 encodes a protein mediating Mn and Fe transport from the environment. Gene-expression analyses by RT-qPCR showed that the RiSMF genes are differentially expressed in the extraradical (ERM) and intraradical (IRM) mycelium and differentially regulated by Mn and Fe availability. Mn starvation decreased RiSMF1 transcript levels in the ERM but increased RiSMF3.1 expression in the IRM. In the ERM, RiSMF1 expression was up-regulated by Fe deficiency, suggesting a role for its encoded protein in Fe-deficiency alleviation. Expression of RiSMF3.2 in the ERM was up-regulated at the early stages of Fe toxicity but down-regulated at later stages. These data suggest a role for RiSMF3.2 not only in Fe transport but also as a sensor of high external-Fe concentrations. Both Mn- and Fe-deficient conditions affected ERM development. While Mn deficiency increased hyphal length, Fe deficiency reduced sporulation.
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spelling pubmed-92245702022-06-24 Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis López-Lorca, Víctor Manuel Molina-Luzón, María Jesús Ferrol, Nuria J Fungi (Basel) Article Transporters of the NRAMP family are ubiquitous metal-transition transporters, playing a key role in metal homeostasis, especially in Mn and Fe homeostasis. In this work, we report the characterization of the NRAMP family members (RiSMF1, RiSMF2, RiSMF3.1 and RiSMF3.2) of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Phylogenetic analysis of the NRAMP sequences of different AM fungi showed that they are classified in two groups, which probably diverged early in their evolution. Functional analyses in yeast revealed that RiSMF3.2 encodes a protein mediating Mn and Fe transport from the environment. Gene-expression analyses by RT-qPCR showed that the RiSMF genes are differentially expressed in the extraradical (ERM) and intraradical (IRM) mycelium and differentially regulated by Mn and Fe availability. Mn starvation decreased RiSMF1 transcript levels in the ERM but increased RiSMF3.1 expression in the IRM. In the ERM, RiSMF1 expression was up-regulated by Fe deficiency, suggesting a role for its encoded protein in Fe-deficiency alleviation. Expression of RiSMF3.2 in the ERM was up-regulated at the early stages of Fe toxicity but down-regulated at later stages. These data suggest a role for RiSMF3.2 not only in Fe transport but also as a sensor of high external-Fe concentrations. Both Mn- and Fe-deficient conditions affected ERM development. While Mn deficiency increased hyphal length, Fe deficiency reduced sporulation. MDPI 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9224570/ /pubmed/35736075 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8060592 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
López-Lorca, Víctor Manuel
Molina-Luzón, María Jesús
Ferrol, Nuria
Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
title Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
title_full Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
title_fullStr Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
title_short Characterization of the NRAMP Gene Family in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
title_sort characterization of the nramp gene family in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus rhizophagus irregularis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9224570/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35736075
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8060592
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