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Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus

Arabidopsis AGD2 (Aberrant Growth and Death2) and its close homolog ALD1 (AGD2-like defense response protein 1) have divergent roles in plant defense. We previously reported that modulation of salicylic acid (SA) contents by ALD1 affects numbers of nodules produced by Lotus japonicus, but AGD2′s rol...

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Autores principales: Huang, Mingchao, Yuan, Mengru, Sun, Chunyu, Li, Meiru, Wu, Pingzhi, Jiang, Huawu, Wu, Guojiang, Chen, Yaping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9224730/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743304
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126863
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author Huang, Mingchao
Yuan, Mengru
Sun, Chunyu
Li, Meiru
Wu, Pingzhi
Jiang, Huawu
Wu, Guojiang
Chen, Yaping
author_facet Huang, Mingchao
Yuan, Mengru
Sun, Chunyu
Li, Meiru
Wu, Pingzhi
Jiang, Huawu
Wu, Guojiang
Chen, Yaping
author_sort Huang, Mingchao
collection PubMed
description Arabidopsis AGD2 (Aberrant Growth and Death2) and its close homolog ALD1 (AGD2-like defense response protein 1) have divergent roles in plant defense. We previously reported that modulation of salicylic acid (SA) contents by ALD1 affects numbers of nodules produced by Lotus japonicus, but AGD2′s role in leguminous plants remains unclear. A combination of enzymatic analysis and biological characterization of genetic materials was used to study the function of AGD2 (LjAGD2a and LjAGD2b) in L. japonicus. Both LjAGD2a and LjAGD2b could complement dapD and dapE mutants of Escherichia coli and had aminotransferase activity in vitro. ljagd2 plants, with insertional mutations of LjAGD2, had delayed flowering times and reduced seed weights. In contrast, overexpression of LjAGD2a in L. japonicus induced early flowering, with increases in seed and flower sizes, but reductions in pollen fertility and seed setting rates. Additionally, ljagd2a mutation resulted in increased expression of nodulin genes and corresponding increases in infection threads and nodule numbers following inoculation with Rhizobium. Changes in expression of LjAGD2a in L. japonicus also affected endogenous SA contents and hence resistance to pathogens. Our results indicate that LjAGD2a functions as an LL-DAP aminotransferase and plays important roles in plant development. Moreover, LjAGD2a activates defense signaling via the Lys synthesis pathway, thereby participating in legume–microbe interaction.
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spelling pubmed-92247302022-06-24 Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus Huang, Mingchao Yuan, Mengru Sun, Chunyu Li, Meiru Wu, Pingzhi Jiang, Huawu Wu, Guojiang Chen, Yaping Int J Mol Sci Article Arabidopsis AGD2 (Aberrant Growth and Death2) and its close homolog ALD1 (AGD2-like defense response protein 1) have divergent roles in plant defense. We previously reported that modulation of salicylic acid (SA) contents by ALD1 affects numbers of nodules produced by Lotus japonicus, but AGD2′s role in leguminous plants remains unclear. A combination of enzymatic analysis and biological characterization of genetic materials was used to study the function of AGD2 (LjAGD2a and LjAGD2b) in L. japonicus. Both LjAGD2a and LjAGD2b could complement dapD and dapE mutants of Escherichia coli and had aminotransferase activity in vitro. ljagd2 plants, with insertional mutations of LjAGD2, had delayed flowering times and reduced seed weights. In contrast, overexpression of LjAGD2a in L. japonicus induced early flowering, with increases in seed and flower sizes, but reductions in pollen fertility and seed setting rates. Additionally, ljagd2a mutation resulted in increased expression of nodulin genes and corresponding increases in infection threads and nodule numbers following inoculation with Rhizobium. Changes in expression of LjAGD2a in L. japonicus also affected endogenous SA contents and hence resistance to pathogens. Our results indicate that LjAGD2a functions as an LL-DAP aminotransferase and plays important roles in plant development. Moreover, LjAGD2a activates defense signaling via the Lys synthesis pathway, thereby participating in legume–microbe interaction. MDPI 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9224730/ /pubmed/35743304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126863 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Huang, Mingchao
Yuan, Mengru
Sun, Chunyu
Li, Meiru
Wu, Pingzhi
Jiang, Huawu
Wu, Guojiang
Chen, Yaping
Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus
title Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus
title_full Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus
title_fullStr Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus
title_full_unstemmed Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus
title_short Roles of AGD2a in Plant Development and Microbial Interactions of Lotus japonicus
title_sort roles of agd2a in plant development and microbial interactions of lotus japonicus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9224730/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743304
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126863
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