Association Analysis of the Cerebral Fractional Tissue Oxygen Extraction (cFTOE) and the Cerebral Oxygen Saturation (crSaO(2)) with Perinatal Factors in Preterm Neonates: A Single Centre Study

(1) Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive, easily performed method of monitoring brain oxygenation. The regional cerebral oxygen saturation (crSaO(2)) and the cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) evaluated by NIRS provide more accurate information on brain oxygenation than the blood oxygen saturation. We investigated the effect of perinatal factors on cerebral oxygenation of preterm newborns. (2) Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study with 48 preterm newborns <34 weeks of gestation who underwent NIRS registration during the first 72 h of life. crSaO(2) was measured and cFTOE was calculated foreach patient. (3) Results: One-way ANOVA showed no significant main effect of IVH severity on crSaO(2) and cFTOE (p > 0.05); there was a tendency toward statistical significance concerning the difference between the means of crSaO(2) (p = 0.083) and cFTOE (p = 0.098). Patients with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) had a lower mean of crSaO(2) and a higher mean of cFTOE (59.67 ± 10.37% vs. 64.92 ± 10.16% for crSaO(2); 0.37 ± 0.11 vs. 0.32 ± 0.11 for cFTOE) compared to those with no IVH. Significantly lower values of crSaO(2) and higher values of cFTOE were found in neonates receiving inotropic treatment (p < 0.0001). Episodes of apnoea also proved to influence the cerebral oxygen saturation of the study group (p = 0.0026). No significant association between the maternal hypertension treatment and the cerebral oxygenation of preterms was found. (4) Conclusions: This study showed a decreased cerebral oxygen saturation of preterms with IVH, inotrope support and apnoea episodes.