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Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by hormone and autonomic imbalance. In our study, hyperglycemia-induced insulin secretion increased progesterone secretion and progressive autonomic imbalance. The young patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) revealed hypo-par...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9224876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743808 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060777 |
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author | Huang, Yao-Ming Chien, Wu-Chien Cheng, Chun-Gu Chang, Yin-Han Chung, Chi-Hsiang Cheng, Chun-An |
author_facet | Huang, Yao-Ming Chien, Wu-Chien Cheng, Chun-Gu Chang, Yin-Han Chung, Chi-Hsiang Cheng, Chun-An |
author_sort | Huang, Yao-Ming |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by hormone and autonomic imbalance. In our study, hyperglycemia-induced insulin secretion increased progesterone secretion and progressive autonomic imbalance. The young patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) revealed hypo-parasympathetic function and hypersympathetic function compared with nondiabetic controls. Young female patients with DM with higher blood sugar and autonomic malfunction may be associated with PMS. However, there is a lack of evidence about DM in females related to PMS. We evaluated female patients with DM who subsequently followed PMS in a retrospective cohort study. Methods: We retrieved data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Female patients with DM between 20 and 50 years old were assessed by the International Classification of Disease, 9 Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease code of 250. Patients who were DM-free females were fourfold matched to the control group by age and disease index date. The ICD-9-CM disease code of 625.4 identified the incidence of PMS followed by the index date as events. The possible risk factors associated with PMS were detected with a Cox proportional regression. Results: DM was a significant risk factor for PMS incidence with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.683 (95% confidence interval: 1.104–2.124, p < 0.001) in females after adjusting for age, other comorbidities, season, urbanization status of patients and the hospital status of visiting. Conclusions: This study noted an association between DM and PMS in female patients. Healthcare providers and female patients with DM must be aware of possible complications of PMS, aggressive glycemic control, decreased hyperglycemia and autonomic dysfunction to prevent this bothersome disorder. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9224876 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92248762022-06-24 Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome Huang, Yao-Ming Chien, Wu-Chien Cheng, Chun-Gu Chang, Yin-Han Chung, Chi-Hsiang Cheng, Chun-An Life (Basel) Article Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by hormone and autonomic imbalance. In our study, hyperglycemia-induced insulin secretion increased progesterone secretion and progressive autonomic imbalance. The young patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) revealed hypo-parasympathetic function and hypersympathetic function compared with nondiabetic controls. Young female patients with DM with higher blood sugar and autonomic malfunction may be associated with PMS. However, there is a lack of evidence about DM in females related to PMS. We evaluated female patients with DM who subsequently followed PMS in a retrospective cohort study. Methods: We retrieved data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Female patients with DM between 20 and 50 years old were assessed by the International Classification of Disease, 9 Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease code of 250. Patients who were DM-free females were fourfold matched to the control group by age and disease index date. The ICD-9-CM disease code of 625.4 identified the incidence of PMS followed by the index date as events. The possible risk factors associated with PMS were detected with a Cox proportional regression. Results: DM was a significant risk factor for PMS incidence with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.683 (95% confidence interval: 1.104–2.124, p < 0.001) in females after adjusting for age, other comorbidities, season, urbanization status of patients and the hospital status of visiting. Conclusions: This study noted an association between DM and PMS in female patients. Healthcare providers and female patients with DM must be aware of possible complications of PMS, aggressive glycemic control, decreased hyperglycemia and autonomic dysfunction to prevent this bothersome disorder. MDPI 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9224876/ /pubmed/35743808 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060777 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Huang, Yao-Ming Chien, Wu-Chien Cheng, Chun-Gu Chang, Yin-Han Chung, Chi-Hsiang Cheng, Chun-An Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome |
title | Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome |
title_full | Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome |
title_fullStr | Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed | Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome |
title_short | Females with Diabetes Mellitus Increased the Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome |
title_sort | females with diabetes mellitus increased the incidence of premenstrual syndrome |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9224876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743808 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060777 |
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