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Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) stands as an umbrella term for common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with rarer cutaneous cancers, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other forms of adnexal cancers....

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Autores principales: Zelin, Enrico, Maronese, Carlo Alberto, Dri, Arianna, Toffoli, Ludovica, Di Meo, Nicola, Nazzaro, Gianluca, Zalaudek, Iris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743435
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123364
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author Zelin, Enrico
Maronese, Carlo Alberto
Dri, Arianna
Toffoli, Ludovica
Di Meo, Nicola
Nazzaro, Gianluca
Zalaudek, Iris
author_facet Zelin, Enrico
Maronese, Carlo Alberto
Dri, Arianna
Toffoli, Ludovica
Di Meo, Nicola
Nazzaro, Gianluca
Zalaudek, Iris
author_sort Zelin, Enrico
collection PubMed
description Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) stands as an umbrella term for common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with rarer cutaneous cancers, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other forms of adnexal cancers. The majority of NMSCs can be successfully treated with surgery or radiotherapy, but advanced and metastatic stages may require systemic approaches such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Summary: Since immunotherapy is not effective in all patients and can potentially lead to severe adverse effects, an important clinical question is how to properly identify those who could be suitable candidates for this therapeutic choice. In this paper, we review the potential features and biomarkers used to predict the outcome of ICIs therapy for NMSCs. Moreover, we analyze the role of immunotherapy in special populations, such as the elderly, immunocompromised patients, organ transplant recipients, and subjects suffering from autoimmune conditions. Key messages: Many clinical, serum, histopathological, and genetic features have been investigated as potential predictors of response in NMSCs treated with ICIs. Although this field of research is very promising, definitive, cost-effective, and reproducible biomarkers are still lacking and further efforts are needed to validate the suggested predictors in larger cohorts.
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spelling pubmed-92251102022-06-24 Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response Zelin, Enrico Maronese, Carlo Alberto Dri, Arianna Toffoli, Ludovica Di Meo, Nicola Nazzaro, Gianluca Zalaudek, Iris J Clin Med Review Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) stands as an umbrella term for common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with rarer cutaneous cancers, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other forms of adnexal cancers. The majority of NMSCs can be successfully treated with surgery or radiotherapy, but advanced and metastatic stages may require systemic approaches such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Summary: Since immunotherapy is not effective in all patients and can potentially lead to severe adverse effects, an important clinical question is how to properly identify those who could be suitable candidates for this therapeutic choice. In this paper, we review the potential features and biomarkers used to predict the outcome of ICIs therapy for NMSCs. Moreover, we analyze the role of immunotherapy in special populations, such as the elderly, immunocompromised patients, organ transplant recipients, and subjects suffering from autoimmune conditions. Key messages: Many clinical, serum, histopathological, and genetic features have been investigated as potential predictors of response in NMSCs treated with ICIs. Although this field of research is very promising, definitive, cost-effective, and reproducible biomarkers are still lacking and further efforts are needed to validate the suggested predictors in larger cohorts. MDPI 2022-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9225110/ /pubmed/35743435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123364 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zelin, Enrico
Maronese, Carlo Alberto
Dri, Arianna
Toffoli, Ludovica
Di Meo, Nicola
Nazzaro, Gianluca
Zalaudek, Iris
Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response
title Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response
title_full Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response
title_fullStr Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response
title_full_unstemmed Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response
title_short Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response
title_sort identifying candidates for immunotherapy among patients with non-melanoma skin cancer: a review of the potential predictors of response
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743435
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123364
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