Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Fungal Communities, Subsequent to Different Management Practices in Moso Bamboo Plantations

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) has an extremely fast growth rate and major carbon sequestration potential. However, little information is available on the dynamics of soil C accumulation and fungi communities related to different management practices. Here, we investigated changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and fungal communities of a Moso bamboo plantation under three different management practices (M0: undisturbed; M1: extensively managed; and M2: intensively managed). Compared with M0, SOC levels were reduced by 41.2% and 71.5% in M1 and M2, respectively; furthermore, four SOC fractions (C1: very labile; C2: labile; C3: less labile; and C4: nonlabile) and the carbon management index (CMI) were also significantly reduced by plantation management. These practices further altered fungal communities, for example, by increasing Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota, and by decreasing Ascomycota and Rozellomycota. Pyrenochaeta, Mortierella, Saitozyma, and Cladophialophora were identified as keystone taxa. Soil fungal communities were significantly related to the pH, NH(4)-N, AP, C3, and the C4 fractions of SOC. Random forest modeling identified soil C3 and Mortierella as the most important predictors of the CMI. Our results suggest that reducing human interference would be beneficial for fungal community improvement and C sequestration in Moso bamboo plantations.