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Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department
Proteinuria, frequently observed in hypertensive crisis, is a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension. Here we investigated the association between proteinuria and all-cause mortality in patients with a hypertensive crisis in the emergency department (ED)...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743755 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060971 |
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author | Kim, Byung Sik Yu, Mi-Yeon Park, Jin-Kyu Shin, Jinho Shin, Jeong-Hun |
author_facet | Kim, Byung Sik Yu, Mi-Yeon Park, Jin-Kyu Shin, Jinho Shin, Jeong-Hun |
author_sort | Kim, Byung Sik |
collection | PubMed |
description | Proteinuria, frequently observed in hypertensive crisis, is a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension. Here we investigated the association between proteinuria and all-cause mortality in patients with a hypertensive crisis in the emergency department (ED). This retrospective study included patients admitted to the ED of a tertiary referral center between 2016 and 2019 with hypertensive crisis (systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg); 3599 patients with an assay for proteinuria were included in this study. Proteinuria was defined as a trace or more protein on a urine dipstick test. Proteinuria was present in 1964 (54.6%) of 3599 patients. At 3 years, crude all-cause mortality rates were 10.8% for patients with negative proteinuria, 21.7% for those with trace proteinuria, 29.0% for those with proteinuria (1+), 32.0% for those with proteinuria (2+), and 35.4% for those with proteinuria (≥3+). After adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, and comorbid conditions, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for dipstick proteinuria was 1.91 (1.53–2.37) for those with trace proteinuria, 2.32 (1.85–2.91) for those with proteinuria (1+), 2.40 (1.86–3.10) for those with proteinuria (2+), and 2.40 (1.78–3.24) for those with proteinuria (≥3+) compared to the reference of negative proteinuria. In patients with hypertensive crisis, dipstick proteinuria was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality, and the risk of all-cause mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner according to its degree. Moreover, even trace proteinuria was associated with an increased risk of mortality. The dipstick urine test could be used as a simple and useful method for risk assessment of all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9225554 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92255542022-06-24 Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department Kim, Byung Sik Yu, Mi-Yeon Park, Jin-Kyu Shin, Jinho Shin, Jeong-Hun J Pers Med Article Proteinuria, frequently observed in hypertensive crisis, is a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension. Here we investigated the association between proteinuria and all-cause mortality in patients with a hypertensive crisis in the emergency department (ED). This retrospective study included patients admitted to the ED of a tertiary referral center between 2016 and 2019 with hypertensive crisis (systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg); 3599 patients with an assay for proteinuria were included in this study. Proteinuria was defined as a trace or more protein on a urine dipstick test. Proteinuria was present in 1964 (54.6%) of 3599 patients. At 3 years, crude all-cause mortality rates were 10.8% for patients with negative proteinuria, 21.7% for those with trace proteinuria, 29.0% for those with proteinuria (1+), 32.0% for those with proteinuria (2+), and 35.4% for those with proteinuria (≥3+). After adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, and comorbid conditions, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for dipstick proteinuria was 1.91 (1.53–2.37) for those with trace proteinuria, 2.32 (1.85–2.91) for those with proteinuria (1+), 2.40 (1.86–3.10) for those with proteinuria (2+), and 2.40 (1.78–3.24) for those with proteinuria (≥3+) compared to the reference of negative proteinuria. In patients with hypertensive crisis, dipstick proteinuria was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality, and the risk of all-cause mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner according to its degree. Moreover, even trace proteinuria was associated with an increased risk of mortality. The dipstick urine test could be used as a simple and useful method for risk assessment of all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis. MDPI 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9225554/ /pubmed/35743755 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060971 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Byung Sik Yu, Mi-Yeon Park, Jin-Kyu Shin, Jinho Shin, Jeong-Hun Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department |
title | Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department |
title_full | Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department |
title_fullStr | Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department |
title_short | Association of Dipstick Proteinuria with Long-Term Mortality among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis in the Emergency Department |
title_sort | association of dipstick proteinuria with long-term mortality among patients with hypertensive crisis in the emergency department |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743755 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060971 |
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