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SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa

A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 named Omicron (B.1.1.529) was isolated from an HIV-infected patient in Botswana, South Africa, in November 2021. Whole genome sequencing revealed a multitude of mutations and its relationship to the mutation-rich Alpha variant that had been isolated from a cancer patient....

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Autores principales: Tarcsai, Katalin Réka, Corolciuc, Oliga, Tordai, Attila, Ongrádi, József
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35739343
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00603-6
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author Tarcsai, Katalin Réka
Corolciuc, Oliga
Tordai, Attila
Ongrádi, József
author_facet Tarcsai, Katalin Réka
Corolciuc, Oliga
Tordai, Attila
Ongrádi, József
author_sort Tarcsai, Katalin Réka
collection PubMed
description A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 named Omicron (B.1.1.529) was isolated from an HIV-infected patient in Botswana, South Africa, in November 2021. Whole genome sequencing revealed a multitude of mutations and its relationship to the mutation-rich Alpha variant that had been isolated from a cancer patient. It is conceivable that very high prevalence of HIV-infected individuals as susceptible hosts in South Africa and their immunocompromised state may predispose for accumulation of coronavirus mutations. Coronaviruses uniquely code for an N-terminal 3′ to 5′exonuclease (ExoN, nsp14) that removes mismatched nucleotides paired by the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Its activity depends preferably on Mg(2+) and other divalent cations (manganese, cobalt and zinc). On the contrary, methyl transferase activity of non-structural protein (nsp) 14 and nsp16 both complexed with nsp10 requires Mn(2+). Enzymes in successive stages of HIV infections require the same cations. In HIV-infected organisms, a subsequent coronavirus infection encounters with altered homeostasis of the body including relative starvation of divalent cations induced by interleukin production of HIV-infected cells. It is hypothesized that selective diminished efficacy of ExoN in the absence of sufficient amount of magnesium may result in the accumulation of mutations. Unusual mutations and recombinations of heterologous viruses detected in AIDS patients also suggest that long-lasting persistence of superinfecting viruses may also contribute to the selection of genetic variants. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors partially restore divalent cations’ equilibrium. As a practical approach, implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV replication and vaccination against coronaviruses may be a successful strategy to reduce the risk of selection of similar mutants.
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spelling pubmed-92257962022-06-24 SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa Tarcsai, Katalin Réka Corolciuc, Oliga Tordai, Attila Ongrádi, József GeroScience Review A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 named Omicron (B.1.1.529) was isolated from an HIV-infected patient in Botswana, South Africa, in November 2021. Whole genome sequencing revealed a multitude of mutations and its relationship to the mutation-rich Alpha variant that had been isolated from a cancer patient. It is conceivable that very high prevalence of HIV-infected individuals as susceptible hosts in South Africa and their immunocompromised state may predispose for accumulation of coronavirus mutations. Coronaviruses uniquely code for an N-terminal 3′ to 5′exonuclease (ExoN, nsp14) that removes mismatched nucleotides paired by the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Its activity depends preferably on Mg(2+) and other divalent cations (manganese, cobalt and zinc). On the contrary, methyl transferase activity of non-structural protein (nsp) 14 and nsp16 both complexed with nsp10 requires Mn(2+). Enzymes in successive stages of HIV infections require the same cations. In HIV-infected organisms, a subsequent coronavirus infection encounters with altered homeostasis of the body including relative starvation of divalent cations induced by interleukin production of HIV-infected cells. It is hypothesized that selective diminished efficacy of ExoN in the absence of sufficient amount of magnesium may result in the accumulation of mutations. Unusual mutations and recombinations of heterologous viruses detected in AIDS patients also suggest that long-lasting persistence of superinfecting viruses may also contribute to the selection of genetic variants. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors partially restore divalent cations’ equilibrium. As a practical approach, implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV replication and vaccination against coronaviruses may be a successful strategy to reduce the risk of selection of similar mutants. Springer International Publishing 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9225796/ /pubmed/35739343 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00603-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Tarcsai, Katalin Réka
Corolciuc, Oliga
Tordai, Attila
Ongrádi, József
SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa
title SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa
title_full SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa
title_short SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa
title_sort sars-cov-2 infection in hiv-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the omicron variant emerging in south africa
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35739343
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00603-6
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