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Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination
Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth affect the final yield and quality of the crop. Seed germination is defined as a series of processes that begins with water uptake by a quiescent dry seed and ends with the elongation of embryonic axis. Rice is an important cereal crop species, and dur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35755645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.867263 |
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author | Sano, Naoto Lounifi, Imen Cueff, Gwendal Collet, Boris Clément, Gilles Balzergue, Sandrine Huguet, Stéphanie Valot, Benoît Galland, Marc Rajjou, Loïc |
author_facet | Sano, Naoto Lounifi, Imen Cueff, Gwendal Collet, Boris Clément, Gilles Balzergue, Sandrine Huguet, Stéphanie Valot, Benoît Galland, Marc Rajjou, Loïc |
author_sort | Sano, Naoto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth affect the final yield and quality of the crop. Seed germination is defined as a series of processes that begins with water uptake by a quiescent dry seed and ends with the elongation of embryonic axis. Rice is an important cereal crop species, and during seed germination, two tissues function in a different manner; the embryo grows into a seedling as the next generation and the endosperm is responsible for nutritional supply. Toward understanding the integrated roles of each tissue at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolic production levels during germination, an exhaustive “multi-omics” analysis was performed by combining transcriptomics, label-free shotgun proteomics, and metabolomics on rice germinating embryo and endosperm, independently. Time-course analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome in germinating seeds revealed a major turning point in the early phase of germination in both embryo and endosperm, suggesting that dramatic changes begin immediately after water imbibition in the rice germination program at least at the mRNA and metabolite levels. In endosperm, protein profiles mostly showed abundant decreases corresponding to 90% of the differentially accumulated proteins. An ontological classification revealed the shift from the maturation to the germination process where over-represented classes belonged to embryonic development and cellular amino acid biosynthetic processes. In the embryo, 19% of the detected proteins are differentially accumulated during germination. Stress response, carbohydrate, fatty acid metabolism, and transport are the main functional classes representing embryo proteome change. Moreover, proteins specific to the germinated state were detected by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches and a major change in the network operating during rice germination was uncovered. In particular, concomitant changes of hormonal metabolism-related proteins (GID1L2 and CNX1) implicated in GAs and ABA metabolism, signaling proteins, and protein turnover events emphasized the importance of such biological networks in rice seeds. Using metabolomics, we highlighted the importance of an energetic supply in rice seeds during germination. In both embryo and endosperm, starch degradation, glycolysis, and subsequent pathways related to these cascades, such as the aspartate-family pathway, are activated during germination. A relevant number of accumulated proteins and metabolites, especially in embryos, testifies the pivotal role of energetic supply in the preparation of plant growth. This article summarizes the key genetic pathways in embryo and endosperm during rice seed germination at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolite levels and thereby, emphasizes the value of combined multi-omics approaches to uncover the specific feature of tissues during germination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9225960 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92259602022-06-25 Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination Sano, Naoto Lounifi, Imen Cueff, Gwendal Collet, Boris Clément, Gilles Balzergue, Sandrine Huguet, Stéphanie Valot, Benoît Galland, Marc Rajjou, Loïc Front Plant Sci Plant Science Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth affect the final yield and quality of the crop. Seed germination is defined as a series of processes that begins with water uptake by a quiescent dry seed and ends with the elongation of embryonic axis. Rice is an important cereal crop species, and during seed germination, two tissues function in a different manner; the embryo grows into a seedling as the next generation and the endosperm is responsible for nutritional supply. Toward understanding the integrated roles of each tissue at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolic production levels during germination, an exhaustive “multi-omics” analysis was performed by combining transcriptomics, label-free shotgun proteomics, and metabolomics on rice germinating embryo and endosperm, independently. Time-course analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome in germinating seeds revealed a major turning point in the early phase of germination in both embryo and endosperm, suggesting that dramatic changes begin immediately after water imbibition in the rice germination program at least at the mRNA and metabolite levels. In endosperm, protein profiles mostly showed abundant decreases corresponding to 90% of the differentially accumulated proteins. An ontological classification revealed the shift from the maturation to the germination process where over-represented classes belonged to embryonic development and cellular amino acid biosynthetic processes. In the embryo, 19% of the detected proteins are differentially accumulated during germination. Stress response, carbohydrate, fatty acid metabolism, and transport are the main functional classes representing embryo proteome change. Moreover, proteins specific to the germinated state were detected by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches and a major change in the network operating during rice germination was uncovered. In particular, concomitant changes of hormonal metabolism-related proteins (GID1L2 and CNX1) implicated in GAs and ABA metabolism, signaling proteins, and protein turnover events emphasized the importance of such biological networks in rice seeds. Using metabolomics, we highlighted the importance of an energetic supply in rice seeds during germination. In both embryo and endosperm, starch degradation, glycolysis, and subsequent pathways related to these cascades, such as the aspartate-family pathway, are activated during germination. A relevant number of accumulated proteins and metabolites, especially in embryos, testifies the pivotal role of energetic supply in the preparation of plant growth. This article summarizes the key genetic pathways in embryo and endosperm during rice seed germination at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolite levels and thereby, emphasizes the value of combined multi-omics approaches to uncover the specific feature of tissues during germination. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9225960/ /pubmed/35755645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.867263 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sano, Lounifi, Cueff, Collet, Clément, Balzergue, Huguet, Valot, Galland and Rajjou. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Sano, Naoto Lounifi, Imen Cueff, Gwendal Collet, Boris Clément, Gilles Balzergue, Sandrine Huguet, Stéphanie Valot, Benoît Galland, Marc Rajjou, Loïc Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination |
title | Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination |
title_full | Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination |
title_fullStr | Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination |
title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination |
title_short | Multi-Omics Approaches Unravel Specific Features of Embryo and Endosperm in Rice Seed Germination |
title_sort | multi-omics approaches unravel specific features of embryo and endosperm in rice seed germination |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35755645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.867263 |
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