An Edge-Fog Architecture for Distributed 3D Reconstruction and Remote Monitoring of a Power Plant Site in the Context of 5G

It is well known that power plants worldwide present access to difficult and hazardous environments, which may cause harm to on-site employees. The remote and autonomous operations in such places are currently increasing with the aid of technology improvements in communications and processing hardware. Virtual and augmented reality provide applications for crew training and remote monitoring, which also rely on 3D environment reconstruction techniques with near real-time requirements for environment inspection. Nowadays, most techniques rely on offline data processing, heavy computation algorithms, or mobile robots, which can be dangerous in confined environments. Other solutions rely on robots, edge computing, and post-processing algorithms, constraining scalability, and near real-time requirements. This work uses an edge-fog computing architecture for data and processing offload applied to a 3D reconstruction problem, where the robots are at the edge and computer nodes at the fog. The sequential processes are parallelized and layered, leading to a highly scalable approach. The architecture is analyzed against a traditional edge computing approach. Both are implemented in our scanning robots mounted in a real power plant. The 5G network application is presented along with a brief discussion on how this technology can benefit and allow the overall distributed processing. Unlike other works, we present real data for more than one proposed robot working in parallel on site, exploring hardware processing capabilities and the local Wi-Fi network characteristics. We also conclude with the required scenario for the remote monitoring to take place with a private 5G network.