Cargando…
The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review
Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in childhood. Obesity is the main risk factor. Nutrition and lifestyle are the key elements in preventing and treating NAFLD in the absence of approved drug therapy. Whilst recommendations and studi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9227194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060839 |
_version_ | 1784734104743313408 |
---|---|
author | Pixner, Thomas Stummer, Nathalie Schneider, Anna Maria Lukas, Andreas Gramlinger, Karin Julian, Valérie Thivel, David Mörwald, Katharina Maruszczak, Katharina Mangge, Harald Gomahr, Julian Weghuber, Daniel Furthner, Dieter |
author_facet | Pixner, Thomas Stummer, Nathalie Schneider, Anna Maria Lukas, Andreas Gramlinger, Karin Julian, Valérie Thivel, David Mörwald, Katharina Maruszczak, Katharina Mangge, Harald Gomahr, Julian Weghuber, Daniel Furthner, Dieter |
author_sort | Pixner, Thomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in childhood. Obesity is the main risk factor. Nutrition and lifestyle are the key elements in preventing and treating NAFLD in the absence of approved drug therapy. Whilst recommendations and studies on macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat and protein) in adult NAFLD exist, the discussion of this topic in paediatric NAFLD remains contradictory. The purpose of this review is to provide state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of macronutrients in paediatric NAFLD regarding quality and quantity. PubMed was searched and original studies and review articles were included in this review. Fructose, sucrose, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids and ω-6-fatty-acids are strongly associated with paediatric NAFLD. High consumption of fibre, diets with a low glycaemic index, mono-unsaturated-fatty-acids and ω-3-fatty-acids reduce the risk of childhood-onset NAFLD. Data regarding the role of dietary protein in NAFLD are contradictory. No single diet is superior in treating paediatric NAFLD, although the composition of macronutrients in the Mediterranean Diet appears beneficial. Moreover, the optimal proportions of total macronutrients in the diet of paediatric NAFLD patients are unknown. Maintaining a eucaloric diet and avoiding saturated fatty acids, simple sugars (mainly fructose) and a high-caloric Western Diet are supported by literature. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9227194 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92271942022-06-25 The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review Pixner, Thomas Stummer, Nathalie Schneider, Anna Maria Lukas, Andreas Gramlinger, Karin Julian, Valérie Thivel, David Mörwald, Katharina Maruszczak, Katharina Mangge, Harald Gomahr, Julian Weghuber, Daniel Furthner, Dieter Life (Basel) Review Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in childhood. Obesity is the main risk factor. Nutrition and lifestyle are the key elements in preventing and treating NAFLD in the absence of approved drug therapy. Whilst recommendations and studies on macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat and protein) in adult NAFLD exist, the discussion of this topic in paediatric NAFLD remains contradictory. The purpose of this review is to provide state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of macronutrients in paediatric NAFLD regarding quality and quantity. PubMed was searched and original studies and review articles were included in this review. Fructose, sucrose, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids and ω-6-fatty-acids are strongly associated with paediatric NAFLD. High consumption of fibre, diets with a low glycaemic index, mono-unsaturated-fatty-acids and ω-3-fatty-acids reduce the risk of childhood-onset NAFLD. Data regarding the role of dietary protein in NAFLD are contradictory. No single diet is superior in treating paediatric NAFLD, although the composition of macronutrients in the Mediterranean Diet appears beneficial. Moreover, the optimal proportions of total macronutrients in the diet of paediatric NAFLD patients are unknown. Maintaining a eucaloric diet and avoiding saturated fatty acids, simple sugars (mainly fructose) and a high-caloric Western Diet are supported by literature. MDPI 2022-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9227194/ /pubmed/35743870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060839 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pixner, Thomas Stummer, Nathalie Schneider, Anna Maria Lukas, Andreas Gramlinger, Karin Julian, Valérie Thivel, David Mörwald, Katharina Maruszczak, Katharina Mangge, Harald Gomahr, Julian Weghuber, Daniel Furthner, Dieter The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review |
title | The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review |
title_full | The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review |
title_fullStr | The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review |
title_short | The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review |
title_sort | role of macronutrients in the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) in the paediatric population—a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9227194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35743870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060839 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT pixnerthomas theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT stummernathalie theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT schneiderannamaria theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT lukasandreas theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT gramlingerkarin theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT julianvalerie theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT thiveldavid theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT morwaldkatharina theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT maruszczakkatharina theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT manggeharald theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT gomahrjulian theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT weghuberdaniel theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT furthnerdieter theroleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT pixnerthomas roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT stummernathalie roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT schneiderannamaria roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT lukasandreas roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT gramlingerkarin roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT julianvalerie roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT thiveldavid roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT morwaldkatharina roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT maruszczakkatharina roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT manggeharald roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT gomahrjulian roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT weghuberdaniel roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview AT furthnerdieter roleofmacronutrientsinthepathogenesispreventionandtreatmentofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasenafldinthepaediatricpopulationareview |