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One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites

The high strength, high specific surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and degradability of nanocellulose (NCC) make it a potential reinforcing phase for composite materials. However, the polyhydroxyl property of NCC renders it prone to self-aggregation and it has weak interfacial compatibility...

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Autores principales: Wang, Hanchen, Wu, Jiayin, Huang, Biao, Lu, Qi-Lin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9227651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35746003
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122428
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author Wang, Hanchen
Wu, Jiayin
Huang, Biao
Lu, Qi-Lin
author_facet Wang, Hanchen
Wu, Jiayin
Huang, Biao
Lu, Qi-Lin
author_sort Wang, Hanchen
collection PubMed
description The high strength, high specific surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and degradability of nanocellulose (NCC) make it a potential reinforcing phase for composite materials. However, the polyhydroxyl property of NCC renders it prone to self-aggregation and it has weak interfacial compatibility with non-polar substrates, limiting its enhancement performance for composite materials. Therefore, based on the high reactivity of NCC, the chemical modification of NCC to introduce functional groups is the basis for effectively reducing its self-aggregation, improving its interfacial compatibility with the polymer matrix, and creating nanocellulose-based functional materials. The existing functional modifications of NCC have limitations; they require cumbersome steps, generate low yields, and are environmentally unfriendly. Herein, ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) was introduced to NCC through a sustainable and high-efficiency avenue formed by the mechanochemical synergy of microwaves and ultrasonication. The obtained UPy-modified nanocellulose (NCC-UPy) exhibited a rod-like shape, with a length of 200–300 nm and a width of 20–30 nm, which presented oriented and stable dispersion in an aqueous medium, and the zeta potential reached −40 mV. Moreover, NCC-UPy had good thermostability (>350 °C) and high crystallinity (82.5%) within the crystal type of cellulose I. Using the as-prepared NCC-UPy as a molecular bridge, it was organically combined with epoxy resin through multiple hydrogen bonds to construct a nanocomposite membrane with superior mechanical strength and thermal stability. The results revealed that NCC-UPy dispersed uniformly in the epoxy matrix without aggregating and that the interfacial compatibility was good, leading to an 87% increase in the tensile strength of the formed nanocomposite membrane when 0.5 wt.% NCC-UPy was loaded. It was proved that NCC-UPy had remarkable reinforcing potential and effective stress transfer capacity for composites. Consequently, this study may open the door to the development of a one-pot green approach for undertaking the functional modification of NCC, and it is of great significance for the development of NCC-based nanocomposites.
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spelling pubmed-92276512022-06-25 One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites Wang, Hanchen Wu, Jiayin Huang, Biao Lu, Qi-Lin Polymers (Basel) Article The high strength, high specific surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and degradability of nanocellulose (NCC) make it a potential reinforcing phase for composite materials. However, the polyhydroxyl property of NCC renders it prone to self-aggregation and it has weak interfacial compatibility with non-polar substrates, limiting its enhancement performance for composite materials. Therefore, based on the high reactivity of NCC, the chemical modification of NCC to introduce functional groups is the basis for effectively reducing its self-aggregation, improving its interfacial compatibility with the polymer matrix, and creating nanocellulose-based functional materials. The existing functional modifications of NCC have limitations; they require cumbersome steps, generate low yields, and are environmentally unfriendly. Herein, ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) was introduced to NCC through a sustainable and high-efficiency avenue formed by the mechanochemical synergy of microwaves and ultrasonication. The obtained UPy-modified nanocellulose (NCC-UPy) exhibited a rod-like shape, with a length of 200–300 nm and a width of 20–30 nm, which presented oriented and stable dispersion in an aqueous medium, and the zeta potential reached −40 mV. Moreover, NCC-UPy had good thermostability (>350 °C) and high crystallinity (82.5%) within the crystal type of cellulose I. Using the as-prepared NCC-UPy as a molecular bridge, it was organically combined with epoxy resin through multiple hydrogen bonds to construct a nanocomposite membrane with superior mechanical strength and thermal stability. The results revealed that NCC-UPy dispersed uniformly in the epoxy matrix without aggregating and that the interfacial compatibility was good, leading to an 87% increase in the tensile strength of the formed nanocomposite membrane when 0.5 wt.% NCC-UPy was loaded. It was proved that NCC-UPy had remarkable reinforcing potential and effective stress transfer capacity for composites. Consequently, this study may open the door to the development of a one-pot green approach for undertaking the functional modification of NCC, and it is of great significance for the development of NCC-based nanocomposites. MDPI 2022-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9227651/ /pubmed/35746003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122428 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Hanchen
Wu, Jiayin
Huang, Biao
Lu, Qi-Lin
One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites
title One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites
title_full One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites
title_fullStr One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites
title_full_unstemmed One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites
title_short One-Pot Synthesis of UPy-Functionalized Nanocellulose under Mechanochemical Synergy for High-Performance Epoxy Nanocomposites
title_sort one-pot synthesis of upy-functionalized nanocellulose under mechanochemical synergy for high-performance epoxy nanocomposites
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9227651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35746003
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122428
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