Antimicrobial Effects of (L)-Chg(10)-Teixobactin against Enterococcus faecalis In Vitro

Objective: Teixobactin and its analogues are a new class of antibiotics that have no detectable bacterial resistance. This study was designed to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of a novel teixobactin analogue, (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin, against two strains of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methods: The efficacy of (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin against two strains of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and 47077) was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods. (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin was prepared at a stock concentration of 1 mg/mL in 5% DMSO. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated using a two-fold serial broth dilution method, utilizing a 96-well plate. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by plating the bacteria onto agar to define the concentration that resulted in 99.9% of bacterial death. Ampicillin was used as the control. The effect of (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin on the inhibition of ATCC 47077 strain biofilm formation was determined by measuring the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) using the safranin assay, while the eradication of the preformed biofilm was determined by measuring the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) using the XTT assay. For nonlinear data, the log dose–response curve was plotted to calculate the optimum concentration using Excel (version 16.51, Microsoft(®) excel. 2021, Microsoft Corporation, Reymond, WA, USA). The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results: The MIC and MBC values of (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin against both strains of E. faecalis were 0.8 μg/mL. The MIC of ampicillin was 1.25 μg/mL for ATCC 29212 and ranged from 1.25 to 5 μg/mL for ATCC 47077. The MBC of ampicillin for ATCC 29212 and ATCC 47077 was 10 and 20 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC of ampicillin were much higher compared with those of (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin. The MBEC(80) of (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin was 4.60 μg/mL for ATCC 47077, which was much lower than that of ampicillin (20 μg/mL). Conclusions: (L)-Chg(10)-teixobactin demonstrated potent antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against E. faecalis, suggesting its potential role an effective antibacterial and antibiofilm agent in endodontic treatment.