P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance

A sub-lethal ischemic episode (preconditioning [PC]) protects neurons against a subsequent lethal ischemic injury. This phenomenon is known as ischemic tolerance. PC itself does not cause brain damage, but affects glial responses, especially astrocytes, and transforms them into an ischemia-resistant...

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Autores principales: Hirayama, Yuri, Anzai, Naohiko, Kinouchi, Hiroyuki, Koizumi, Schuichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35744780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123655
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author Hirayama, Yuri
Anzai, Naohiko
Kinouchi, Hiroyuki
Koizumi, Schuichi
author_facet Hirayama, Yuri
Anzai, Naohiko
Kinouchi, Hiroyuki
Koizumi, Schuichi
author_sort Hirayama, Yuri
collection PubMed
description A sub-lethal ischemic episode (preconditioning [PC]) protects neurons against a subsequent lethal ischemic injury. This phenomenon is known as ischemic tolerance. PC itself does not cause brain damage, but affects glial responses, especially astrocytes, and transforms them into an ischemia-resistant phenotype. P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) in astrocytes play essential roles in PC. Although P2X7Rs trigger inflammatory and toxic responses, PC-induced P2X7Rs in astrocytes function as a switch to protect the brain against ischemia. In this review, we focus on P2X7Rs and summarize recent developments on how astrocytes control P2X7Rs and what molecular mechanisms they use to induce ischemic tolerance.
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spelling pubmed-92284172022-06-25 P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance Hirayama, Yuri Anzai, Naohiko Kinouchi, Hiroyuki Koizumi, Schuichi Molecules Review A sub-lethal ischemic episode (preconditioning [PC]) protects neurons against a subsequent lethal ischemic injury. This phenomenon is known as ischemic tolerance. PC itself does not cause brain damage, but affects glial responses, especially astrocytes, and transforms them into an ischemia-resistant phenotype. P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) in astrocytes play essential roles in PC. Although P2X7Rs trigger inflammatory and toxic responses, PC-induced P2X7Rs in astrocytes function as a switch to protect the brain against ischemia. In this review, we focus on P2X7Rs and summarize recent developments on how astrocytes control P2X7Rs and what molecular mechanisms they use to induce ischemic tolerance. MDPI 2022-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9228417/ /pubmed/35744780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123655 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hirayama, Yuri
Anzai, Naohiko
Kinouchi, Hiroyuki
Koizumi, Schuichi
P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance
title P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance
title_full P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance
title_fullStr P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance
title_full_unstemmed P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance
title_short P2X7 Receptors in Astrocytes: A Switch for Ischemic Tolerance
title_sort p2x7 receptors in astrocytes: a switch for ischemic tolerance
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35744780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123655
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AT kinouchihiroyuki p2x7receptorsinastrocytesaswitchforischemictolerance
AT koizumischuichi p2x7receptorsinastrocytesaswitchforischemictolerance

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