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Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics

Polymer-based capacitive strain gauges are a novel and promising concept for measuring large displacements and strains in various applications. These novel sensors allow for high strain, well above the maximum values achieved with state-of-the-art strain gauges (Typ. 1%). In recent years, a lot of i...

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Autores principales: Sheeja Prakash, Karthika, Mayr, Hermann Otto, Agrawal, Prachi, Agarwal, Priyank, Seidenstuecker, Michael, Rosenstiel, Nikolaus, Woias, Peter, Comella, Laura Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122326
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author Sheeja Prakash, Karthika
Mayr, Hermann Otto
Agrawal, Prachi
Agarwal, Priyank
Seidenstuecker, Michael
Rosenstiel, Nikolaus
Woias, Peter
Comella, Laura Maria
author_facet Sheeja Prakash, Karthika
Mayr, Hermann Otto
Agrawal, Prachi
Agarwal, Priyank
Seidenstuecker, Michael
Rosenstiel, Nikolaus
Woias, Peter
Comella, Laura Maria
author_sort Sheeja Prakash, Karthika
collection PubMed
description Polymer-based capacitive strain gauges are a novel and promising concept for measuring large displacements and strains in various applications. These novel sensors allow for high strain, well above the maximum values achieved with state-of-the-art strain gauges (Typ. 1%). In recent years, a lot of interest in this technology has existed in orthopedics, where the sensors have been used to measure knee laxity caused by a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and for other ligament injuries. The validation of this technology in the field has a very low level of maturity, as no fast, reproducible, and reliable manufacturing process which allows mass production of sensors with low cost exists. For this reason, in this paper, a new approach for the fabrication of polymer-based capacitive strain gauges is proposed, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as base material. It allows (1) the fast manufacturing of sensor batches with reproducible geometry, (2) includes a fabrication step for embedding rigid electrical contacts on the sensors, and (3) is designed to produce sensor batches in which the size, the number, and the position of the sensors can be adapted to the patient’s anatomy. In the paper, the process repeatability and the robustness of the design are successfully proven. After 1000 large-strain elongation cycles, in the form of accelerated testing caused much higher strains than in the above-mentioned clinical scenario, the sensor’s electrical contacts remained in place and the functionalities were unaltered. Moreover, the prototype of a patient customizable patch, embedding multiple sensors, was produced.
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spelling pubmed-92284582022-06-25 Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics Sheeja Prakash, Karthika Mayr, Hermann Otto Agrawal, Prachi Agarwal, Priyank Seidenstuecker, Michael Rosenstiel, Nikolaus Woias, Peter Comella, Laura Maria Polymers (Basel) Article Polymer-based capacitive strain gauges are a novel and promising concept for measuring large displacements and strains in various applications. These novel sensors allow for high strain, well above the maximum values achieved with state-of-the-art strain gauges (Typ. 1%). In recent years, a lot of interest in this technology has existed in orthopedics, where the sensors have been used to measure knee laxity caused by a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and for other ligament injuries. The validation of this technology in the field has a very low level of maturity, as no fast, reproducible, and reliable manufacturing process which allows mass production of sensors with low cost exists. For this reason, in this paper, a new approach for the fabrication of polymer-based capacitive strain gauges is proposed, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as base material. It allows (1) the fast manufacturing of sensor batches with reproducible geometry, (2) includes a fabrication step for embedding rigid electrical contacts on the sensors, and (3) is designed to produce sensor batches in which the size, the number, and the position of the sensors can be adapted to the patient’s anatomy. In the paper, the process repeatability and the robustness of the design are successfully proven. After 1000 large-strain elongation cycles, in the form of accelerated testing caused much higher strains than in the above-mentioned clinical scenario, the sensor’s electrical contacts remained in place and the functionalities were unaltered. Moreover, the prototype of a patient customizable patch, embedding multiple sensors, was produced. MDPI 2022-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9228458/ /pubmed/35745901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122326 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sheeja Prakash, Karthika
Mayr, Hermann Otto
Agrawal, Prachi
Agarwal, Priyank
Seidenstuecker, Michael
Rosenstiel, Nikolaus
Woias, Peter
Comella, Laura Maria
Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics
title Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics
title_full Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics
title_fullStr Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics
title_full_unstemmed Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics
title_short Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics
title_sort batch fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane based stretchable capacitive strain gauge sensor for orthopedics
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122326
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