Cargando…

Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair

Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer’s physicochemical and pharmacological properties in differ...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ferreira, Patricia Garcia, Ferreira, Vitor Francisco, da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho, Freitas, Cyntia Silva, Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro, Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228519/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745879
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307
_version_ 1784734498657665024
author Ferreira, Patricia Garcia
Ferreira, Vitor Francisco
da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho
Freitas, Cyntia Silva
Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro
Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi
author_facet Ferreira, Patricia Garcia
Ferreira, Vitor Francisco
da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho
Freitas, Cyntia Silva
Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro
Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi
author_sort Ferreira, Patricia Garcia
collection PubMed
description Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer’s physicochemical and pharmacological properties in different forms, including scaffolds, nanoparticles, fibers, sponges, films, and hydrogels, among others. In terms of pharmacological purposes, chitosan association with different polymers and the immobilization or entrapment of bioactive agents are effective strategies to achieve desired biological responses. Chitosan biocompatibility, water entrapment within nanofibrils, antioxidant character, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, whether enhanced by other active components or not, ensure skin moisturization, as well as protection against bacteria colonization and oxidative imbalance. Chitosan-based nanomaterials can maintain or reconstruct skin architecture through topical or systemic delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic pharmaceuticals at controlled rates to treat skin affections, such as acne, inflammatory manifestations, wounds, or even tumorigenesis, by coating chemotherapy drugs. Herein, chitosan obtention, physicochemical characteristics, chemical modifications, and interactions with bioactive agents are presented and discussed. Molecular mechanisms involved in chitosan skin protection and recovery are highlighted by overlapping the events orchestrated by the signaling molecules secreted by different cell types to reconstitute healthy skin tissue structures and components.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9228519
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-92285192022-06-25 Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair Ferreira, Patricia Garcia Ferreira, Vitor Francisco da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho Freitas, Cyntia Silva Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi Pharmaceutics Review Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer’s physicochemical and pharmacological properties in different forms, including scaffolds, nanoparticles, fibers, sponges, films, and hydrogels, among others. In terms of pharmacological purposes, chitosan association with different polymers and the immobilization or entrapment of bioactive agents are effective strategies to achieve desired biological responses. Chitosan biocompatibility, water entrapment within nanofibrils, antioxidant character, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, whether enhanced by other active components or not, ensure skin moisturization, as well as protection against bacteria colonization and oxidative imbalance. Chitosan-based nanomaterials can maintain or reconstruct skin architecture through topical or systemic delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic pharmaceuticals at controlled rates to treat skin affections, such as acne, inflammatory manifestations, wounds, or even tumorigenesis, by coating chemotherapy drugs. Herein, chitosan obtention, physicochemical characteristics, chemical modifications, and interactions with bioactive agents are presented and discussed. Molecular mechanisms involved in chitosan skin protection and recovery are highlighted by overlapping the events orchestrated by the signaling molecules secreted by different cell types to reconstitute healthy skin tissue structures and components. MDPI 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9228519/ /pubmed/35745879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ferreira, Patricia Garcia
Ferreira, Vitor Francisco
da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho
Freitas, Cyntia Silva
Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro
Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi
Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair
title Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair
title_full Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair
title_fullStr Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair
title_full_unstemmed Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair
title_short Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair
title_sort chitosans and nanochitosans: recent advances in skin protection, regeneration, and repair
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228519/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745879
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307
work_keys_str_mv AT ferreirapatriciagarcia chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair
AT ferreiravitorfrancisco chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair
AT dasilvafernandodecarvalho chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair
AT freitascyntiasilva chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair
AT pereirapatriciaribeiro chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair
AT paschoalinvaniamargaretflosi chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair