Cargando…
Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair
Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer’s physicochemical and pharmacological properties in differ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228519/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307 |
_version_ | 1784734498657665024 |
---|---|
author | Ferreira, Patricia Garcia Ferreira, Vitor Francisco da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho Freitas, Cyntia Silva Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi |
author_facet | Ferreira, Patricia Garcia Ferreira, Vitor Francisco da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho Freitas, Cyntia Silva Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi |
author_sort | Ferreira, Patricia Garcia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer’s physicochemical and pharmacological properties in different forms, including scaffolds, nanoparticles, fibers, sponges, films, and hydrogels, among others. In terms of pharmacological purposes, chitosan association with different polymers and the immobilization or entrapment of bioactive agents are effective strategies to achieve desired biological responses. Chitosan biocompatibility, water entrapment within nanofibrils, antioxidant character, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, whether enhanced by other active components or not, ensure skin moisturization, as well as protection against bacteria colonization and oxidative imbalance. Chitosan-based nanomaterials can maintain or reconstruct skin architecture through topical or systemic delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic pharmaceuticals at controlled rates to treat skin affections, such as acne, inflammatory manifestations, wounds, or even tumorigenesis, by coating chemotherapy drugs. Herein, chitosan obtention, physicochemical characteristics, chemical modifications, and interactions with bioactive agents are presented and discussed. Molecular mechanisms involved in chitosan skin protection and recovery are highlighted by overlapping the events orchestrated by the signaling molecules secreted by different cell types to reconstitute healthy skin tissue structures and components. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9228519 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92285192022-06-25 Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair Ferreira, Patricia Garcia Ferreira, Vitor Francisco da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho Freitas, Cyntia Silva Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi Pharmaceutics Review Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer’s physicochemical and pharmacological properties in different forms, including scaffolds, nanoparticles, fibers, sponges, films, and hydrogels, among others. In terms of pharmacological purposes, chitosan association with different polymers and the immobilization or entrapment of bioactive agents are effective strategies to achieve desired biological responses. Chitosan biocompatibility, water entrapment within nanofibrils, antioxidant character, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, whether enhanced by other active components or not, ensure skin moisturization, as well as protection against bacteria colonization and oxidative imbalance. Chitosan-based nanomaterials can maintain or reconstruct skin architecture through topical or systemic delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic pharmaceuticals at controlled rates to treat skin affections, such as acne, inflammatory manifestations, wounds, or even tumorigenesis, by coating chemotherapy drugs. Herein, chitosan obtention, physicochemical characteristics, chemical modifications, and interactions with bioactive agents are presented and discussed. Molecular mechanisms involved in chitosan skin protection and recovery are highlighted by overlapping the events orchestrated by the signaling molecules secreted by different cell types to reconstitute healthy skin tissue structures and components. MDPI 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9228519/ /pubmed/35745879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ferreira, Patricia Garcia Ferreira, Vitor Francisco da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho Freitas, Cyntia Silva Pereira, Patricia Ribeiro Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair |
title | Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair |
title_full | Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair |
title_fullStr | Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair |
title_full_unstemmed | Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair |
title_short | Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair |
title_sort | chitosans and nanochitosans: recent advances in skin protection, regeneration, and repair |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9228519/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745879 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061307 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ferreirapatriciagarcia chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair AT ferreiravitorfrancisco chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair AT dasilvafernandodecarvalho chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair AT freitascyntiasilva chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair AT pereirapatriciaribeiro chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair AT paschoalinvaniamargaretflosi chitosansandnanochitosansrecentadvancesinskinprotectionregenerationandrepair |