Cargando…
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review
Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in the world and affects both humans and dogs. The host immune response to Leishmania infection plays a critical role in the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and consequently in the manifestation of clinical signs. The...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35746555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060947 |
_version_ | 1784734643722911744 |
---|---|
author | García-Castro, Ana Egui, Adriana Thomas, María Carmen López, Manuel Carlos |
author_facet | García-Castro, Ana Egui, Adriana Thomas, María Carmen López, Manuel Carlos |
author_sort | García-Castro, Ana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in the world and affects both humans and dogs. The host immune response to Leishmania infection plays a critical role in the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and consequently in the manifestation of clinical signs. The asymptomatic form of the disease is a major concern in the diagnosis of CVL and in the transmission control of Leishmania infection. Asymptomatic dogs are found in large proportions in endemic areas and are an unquantifiable source of infection. The present review analyzes the possible relationship between the activation of the antigen-specific immune response of the host and resistance or susceptibility to CVL. The review focuses on works that address the characterization of the humoral and cellular immune response profile, at both the functional and phenotypic levels, in infected dogs. Most studies relate the absence of clinical symptomatology to an increased proliferative response and a Th1 cytokine profile. Despite the numerous findings pointing to a differential immune response in asymptomatic dogs, the contradictory results reported in this review highlight the importance of establishing a precise clinical classification of the disease, performing more longitudinal studies, and including a higher number of animals in trials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9229064 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92290642022-06-25 Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review García-Castro, Ana Egui, Adriana Thomas, María Carmen López, Manuel Carlos Vaccines (Basel) Review Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in the world and affects both humans and dogs. The host immune response to Leishmania infection plays a critical role in the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and consequently in the manifestation of clinical signs. The asymptomatic form of the disease is a major concern in the diagnosis of CVL and in the transmission control of Leishmania infection. Asymptomatic dogs are found in large proportions in endemic areas and are an unquantifiable source of infection. The present review analyzes the possible relationship between the activation of the antigen-specific immune response of the host and resistance or susceptibility to CVL. The review focuses on works that address the characterization of the humoral and cellular immune response profile, at both the functional and phenotypic levels, in infected dogs. Most studies relate the absence of clinical symptomatology to an increased proliferative response and a Th1 cytokine profile. Despite the numerous findings pointing to a differential immune response in asymptomatic dogs, the contradictory results reported in this review highlight the importance of establishing a precise clinical classification of the disease, performing more longitudinal studies, and including a higher number of animals in trials. MDPI 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9229064/ /pubmed/35746555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060947 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review García-Castro, Ana Egui, Adriana Thomas, María Carmen López, Manuel Carlos Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
title | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
title_full | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
title_fullStr | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
title_short | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
title_sort | humoral and cellular immune response in asymptomatic dogs with visceral leishmaniasis: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35746555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060947 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT garciacastroana humoralandcellularimmuneresponseinasymptomaticdogswithvisceralleishmaniasisareview AT eguiadriana humoralandcellularimmuneresponseinasymptomaticdogswithvisceralleishmaniasisareview AT thomasmariacarmen humoralandcellularimmuneresponseinasymptomaticdogswithvisceralleishmaniasisareview AT lopezmanuelcarlos humoralandcellularimmuneresponseinasymptomaticdogswithvisceralleishmaniasisareview |