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Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) of Punjab-Pakistan are comprised of hilly mountains with small ruminants as a sole source of income. In this study, farming practices, productivity, health and the economic value of sheep were evaluated in PATA through a survey of farmers (n = 138) holdi...

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Autores principales: Jamal, Muhammad Ameen, Khan, Samiullah, Su, Yanhua, Yang, Chang, Zhao, Heng, Xu, Kaixiang, Jiao, Deling, Cheng, Wenmin, Rauf, Abdul, Ali, Mahboob, Ahmad, Sohail, Qing, Yubo, Wei, Hong-Jiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35737331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060279
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author Jamal, Muhammad Ameen
Khan, Samiullah
Su, Yanhua
Yang, Chang
Zhao, Heng
Xu, Kaixiang
Jiao, Deling
Cheng, Wenmin
Rauf, Abdul
Ali, Mahboob
Ahmad, Sohail
Qing, Yubo
Wei, Hong-Jiang
author_facet Jamal, Muhammad Ameen
Khan, Samiullah
Su, Yanhua
Yang, Chang
Zhao, Heng
Xu, Kaixiang
Jiao, Deling
Cheng, Wenmin
Rauf, Abdul
Ali, Mahboob
Ahmad, Sohail
Qing, Yubo
Wei, Hong-Jiang
author_sort Jamal, Muhammad Ameen
collection PubMed
description Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) of Punjab-Pakistan are comprised of hilly mountains with small ruminants as a sole source of income. In this study, farming practices, productivity, health and the economic value of sheep were evaluated in PATA through a survey of farmers (n = 138) holding 11,558 heads of sheep. Out of a total population, 87% were non-descriptive flocks, and 9% and 4% were purebred flocks belonging to the Kajli and Thali populations, respectively. Sheep flocks were mainly (86%) reared under the traditional production system and had a delayed onset of puberty. There was low influence of season on the reproduction, and the majority of flocks (78%) were bred throughout the year. The lack of proper vaccination and poor management exposed the flocks to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, which lead to high mortality in lambs (~22%) and adults (~32%). The share of sheep in farmers livelihood was 42%, and only 20% of producers’ living standard was improved with sheep farming, but the rise in rearing more sheep was quite low (20%). Although the livestock department arranged farmers’ training, the majority of farmers (83%) never participated in training and had no knowledge of modern technologies. Collectively, the traditional sheep production systems, poor management, lack of vaccination, marketing channels and farmers training hampered the sheep rearing and producers’ livelihood in the PATA of Punjab-Pakistan. However, developing model livestock farms, conducting farmer training, establishing a viable market for dairy products, and introducing subsidy policy interventions can improve the sheep farming in these areas.
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spelling pubmed-92294482022-06-25 Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan Jamal, Muhammad Ameen Khan, Samiullah Su, Yanhua Yang, Chang Zhao, Heng Xu, Kaixiang Jiao, Deling Cheng, Wenmin Rauf, Abdul Ali, Mahboob Ahmad, Sohail Qing, Yubo Wei, Hong-Jiang Vet Sci Article Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) of Punjab-Pakistan are comprised of hilly mountains with small ruminants as a sole source of income. In this study, farming practices, productivity, health and the economic value of sheep were evaluated in PATA through a survey of farmers (n = 138) holding 11,558 heads of sheep. Out of a total population, 87% were non-descriptive flocks, and 9% and 4% were purebred flocks belonging to the Kajli and Thali populations, respectively. Sheep flocks were mainly (86%) reared under the traditional production system and had a delayed onset of puberty. There was low influence of season on the reproduction, and the majority of flocks (78%) were bred throughout the year. The lack of proper vaccination and poor management exposed the flocks to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, which lead to high mortality in lambs (~22%) and adults (~32%). The share of sheep in farmers livelihood was 42%, and only 20% of producers’ living standard was improved with sheep farming, but the rise in rearing more sheep was quite low (20%). Although the livestock department arranged farmers’ training, the majority of farmers (83%) never participated in training and had no knowledge of modern technologies. Collectively, the traditional sheep production systems, poor management, lack of vaccination, marketing channels and farmers training hampered the sheep rearing and producers’ livelihood in the PATA of Punjab-Pakistan. However, developing model livestock farms, conducting farmer training, establishing a viable market for dairy products, and introducing subsidy policy interventions can improve the sheep farming in these areas. MDPI 2022-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9229448/ /pubmed/35737331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060279 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jamal, Muhammad Ameen
Khan, Samiullah
Su, Yanhua
Yang, Chang
Zhao, Heng
Xu, Kaixiang
Jiao, Deling
Cheng, Wenmin
Rauf, Abdul
Ali, Mahboob
Ahmad, Sohail
Qing, Yubo
Wei, Hong-Jiang
Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
title Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
title_full Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
title_fullStr Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
title_short Small Ruminant Farming in Tribal Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
title_sort small ruminant farming in tribal areas of dera ghazi khan, punjab, pakistan
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35737331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060279
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