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Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection
Oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, of which several hundred organisms are considered among the most devastating plant pathogens—especially members of the genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora spp. have a large repertoire of effectors that aid in elici...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35744657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061139 |
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author | Midgley, Kayla A. van den Berg, Noëlani Swart, Velushka |
author_facet | Midgley, Kayla A. van den Berg, Noëlani Swart, Velushka |
author_sort | Midgley, Kayla A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, of which several hundred organisms are considered among the most devastating plant pathogens—especially members of the genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora spp. have a large repertoire of effectors that aid in eliciting a susceptible response in host plants. What is of increasing interest is the involvement of Phytophthora effectors in regulating programed cell death (PCD)—in particular, the hypersensitive response. There have been numerous functional characterization studies, which demonstrate Phytophthora effectors either inducing or suppressing host cell death, which may play a crucial role in Phytophthora’s ability to regulate their hemi-biotrophic lifestyle. Despite several advances in techniques used to identify and characterize Phytophthora effectors, knowledge is still lacking for some important species, including Phytophthora cinnamomi. This review discusses what the term PCD means and the gap in knowledge between pathogenic and developmental forms of PCD in plants. We also discuss the role cell death plays in the virulence of Phytophthora spp. and the effectors that have so far been identified as playing a role in cell death manipulation. Finally, we touch on the different techniques available to study effector functions, such as cell death induction/suppression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9229607 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92296072022-06-25 Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection Midgley, Kayla A. van den Berg, Noëlani Swart, Velushka Microorganisms Review Oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, of which several hundred organisms are considered among the most devastating plant pathogens—especially members of the genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora spp. have a large repertoire of effectors that aid in eliciting a susceptible response in host plants. What is of increasing interest is the involvement of Phytophthora effectors in regulating programed cell death (PCD)—in particular, the hypersensitive response. There have been numerous functional characterization studies, which demonstrate Phytophthora effectors either inducing or suppressing host cell death, which may play a crucial role in Phytophthora’s ability to regulate their hemi-biotrophic lifestyle. Despite several advances in techniques used to identify and characterize Phytophthora effectors, knowledge is still lacking for some important species, including Phytophthora cinnamomi. This review discusses what the term PCD means and the gap in knowledge between pathogenic and developmental forms of PCD in plants. We also discuss the role cell death plays in the virulence of Phytophthora spp. and the effectors that have so far been identified as playing a role in cell death manipulation. Finally, we touch on the different techniques available to study effector functions, such as cell death induction/suppression. MDPI 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9229607/ /pubmed/35744657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061139 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Midgley, Kayla A. van den Berg, Noëlani Swart, Velushka Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection |
title | Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection |
title_full | Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection |
title_fullStr | Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection |
title_short | Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection |
title_sort | unraveling plant cell death during phytophthora infection |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35744657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061139 |
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