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The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Background and Objectives: Sleep disturbance due to muscle cramps or hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) can lead to a reduced quality of life. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) is commonly used for evaluating sleep disturbance; however, this questionnaire is...

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Autores principales: Kawaratani, Hideto, Miyaaki, Hisamitsu, Hiraoka, Atsushi, Nakao, Kazuhiko, Hiasa, Yoichi, Yoshiji, Hitoshi, Okita, Kiwamu, Koike, Kazuhiko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35744004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060741
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author Kawaratani, Hideto
Miyaaki, Hisamitsu
Hiraoka, Atsushi
Nakao, Kazuhiko
Hiasa, Yoichi
Yoshiji, Hitoshi
Okita, Kiwamu
Koike, Kazuhiko
author_facet Kawaratani, Hideto
Miyaaki, Hisamitsu
Hiraoka, Atsushi
Nakao, Kazuhiko
Hiasa, Yoichi
Yoshiji, Hitoshi
Okita, Kiwamu
Koike, Kazuhiko
author_sort Kawaratani, Hideto
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Sleep disturbance due to muscle cramps or hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) can lead to a reduced quality of life. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) is commonly used for evaluating sleep disturbance; however, this questionnaire is time-consuming owing to the large number of questions. As the usefulness of the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) in patients with CLD is not sufficiently known, the present study aimed to determine whether the AIS and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) could be used as simple alternative questionnaires for evaluating sleep disturbances in patients with CLD. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 patients with CLD were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy were excluded. All patients were examined using the AIS, PSQI, and ESS, and their responses to these questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Results: The number of patients diagnosed with sleep disturbance using the AIS, PSQI, and ESS were 39 (33.3%), 37 (31.6%), and 9 (7.7%), respectively. There was no correlation between PSQI and ESS scores (r = 0.011, p = 0.910); in contrast, the AIS scores showed a significant correlation with the PSQI scores (r = 0.689, p < 0.001). When the PSQI was considered as the standard for evaluating sleep disturbance, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the AIS were 76.9%, 91.0%, 81.1%, and 88.8%, respectively. In the sleep medication group, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the AIS were 100%, 70%, 78.6%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first report to indicate that the AIS is an alternative questionnaire to the PSQI and that it can be a useful tool for detecting cirrhosis-related complications in patients with CLD.
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spelling pubmed-92296562022-06-25 The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale Kawaratani, Hideto Miyaaki, Hisamitsu Hiraoka, Atsushi Nakao, Kazuhiko Hiasa, Yoichi Yoshiji, Hitoshi Okita, Kiwamu Koike, Kazuhiko Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Sleep disturbance due to muscle cramps or hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) can lead to a reduced quality of life. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) is commonly used for evaluating sleep disturbance; however, this questionnaire is time-consuming owing to the large number of questions. As the usefulness of the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) in patients with CLD is not sufficiently known, the present study aimed to determine whether the AIS and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) could be used as simple alternative questionnaires for evaluating sleep disturbances in patients with CLD. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 patients with CLD were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy were excluded. All patients were examined using the AIS, PSQI, and ESS, and their responses to these questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Results: The number of patients diagnosed with sleep disturbance using the AIS, PSQI, and ESS were 39 (33.3%), 37 (31.6%), and 9 (7.7%), respectively. There was no correlation between PSQI and ESS scores (r = 0.011, p = 0.910); in contrast, the AIS scores showed a significant correlation with the PSQI scores (r = 0.689, p < 0.001). When the PSQI was considered as the standard for evaluating sleep disturbance, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the AIS were 76.9%, 91.0%, 81.1%, and 88.8%, respectively. In the sleep medication group, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the AIS were 100%, 70%, 78.6%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first report to indicate that the AIS is an alternative questionnaire to the PSQI and that it can be a useful tool for detecting cirrhosis-related complications in patients with CLD. MDPI 2022-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9229656/ /pubmed/35744004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060741 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kawaratani, Hideto
Miyaaki, Hisamitsu
Hiraoka, Atsushi
Nakao, Kazuhiko
Hiasa, Yoichi
Yoshiji, Hitoshi
Okita, Kiwamu
Koike, Kazuhiko
The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale
title The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale
title_full The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale
title_fullStr The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale
title_full_unstemmed The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale
title_short The Usefulness of the Athens Insomnia Scale for Evaluating Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Comparing with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale
title_sort usefulness of the athens insomnia scale for evaluating sleep disturbance in patients with chronic liver disease comparing with pittsburgh sleep quality index and epworth sleepiness scale
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35744004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060741
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