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HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure

The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment has been highly successful in controlling plasma viremia to undetectable levels. However, a complete cure for HIV is hindered by the presence of replication-competent HIV, integrated in the host genome, that can...

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Autores principales: Chitrakar, Alisha, Sanz, Marta, Maggirwar, Sanjay B., Soriano-Sarabia, Natalia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9230125/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745465
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060611
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author Chitrakar, Alisha
Sanz, Marta
Maggirwar, Sanjay B.
Soriano-Sarabia, Natalia
author_facet Chitrakar, Alisha
Sanz, Marta
Maggirwar, Sanjay B.
Soriano-Sarabia, Natalia
author_sort Chitrakar, Alisha
collection PubMed
description The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment has been highly successful in controlling plasma viremia to undetectable levels. However, a complete cure for HIV is hindered by the presence of replication-competent HIV, integrated in the host genome, that can persist long term in a resting state called viral latency. Resting memory CD4+ T cells are considered the biggest reservoir of persistent HIV infection and are often studied exclusively as the main target for an HIV cure. However, other cell types, such as circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages, can harbor integrated, replication-competent HIV. To develop a cure for HIV, focus is needed not only on the T cell compartment, but also on these myeloid reservoirs of persistent HIV infection. In this review, we summarize their importance when designing HIV cure strategies and challenges associated to their identification and specific targeting by the “shock and kill” approach.
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spelling pubmed-92301252022-06-25 HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure Chitrakar, Alisha Sanz, Marta Maggirwar, Sanjay B. Soriano-Sarabia, Natalia Pathogens Review The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment has been highly successful in controlling plasma viremia to undetectable levels. However, a complete cure for HIV is hindered by the presence of replication-competent HIV, integrated in the host genome, that can persist long term in a resting state called viral latency. Resting memory CD4+ T cells are considered the biggest reservoir of persistent HIV infection and are often studied exclusively as the main target for an HIV cure. However, other cell types, such as circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages, can harbor integrated, replication-competent HIV. To develop a cure for HIV, focus is needed not only on the T cell compartment, but also on these myeloid reservoirs of persistent HIV infection. In this review, we summarize their importance when designing HIV cure strategies and challenges associated to their identification and specific targeting by the “shock and kill” approach. MDPI 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9230125/ /pubmed/35745465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060611 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chitrakar, Alisha
Sanz, Marta
Maggirwar, Sanjay B.
Soriano-Sarabia, Natalia
HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure
title HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure
title_full HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure
title_fullStr HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure
title_full_unstemmed HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure
title_short HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure
title_sort hiv latency in myeloid cells: challenges for a cure
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9230125/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745465
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060611
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