Cargando…
Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth
An end-fire radiating implantable antenna with a small footprint and broadband operation at the frequency range of 3–5 GHz is proposed for high-data-rate wireless communication in a brain–machine interface. The proposed Vivaldi antenna was implanted vertically along the height of the skull to avoid...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9231057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35746109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124328 |
_version_ | 1784735235219390464 |
---|---|
author | Sapari, Lisa Hout, Samnang Chung, Jae-Young |
author_facet | Sapari, Lisa Hout, Samnang Chung, Jae-Young |
author_sort | Sapari, Lisa |
collection | PubMed |
description | An end-fire radiating implantable antenna with a small footprint and broadband operation at the frequency range of 3–5 GHz is proposed for high-data-rate wireless communication in a brain–machine interface. The proposed Vivaldi antenna was implanted vertically along the height of the skull to avoid deformation in the radiation pattern and to compensate for a gain–loss caused by surrounding lossy brain tissues. It was shown that the vertically implanted end-fire antenna had a 3 dB higher antenna gain than a horizontally implanted broadside radiating antenna discussed in recent literature. Additionally, comb-shaped slot arrays imprinted on the Vivaldi antenna lowered the resonant frequency by approximately 2 GHz and improved the antenna gain by more than 2 dB compared to an ordinary Vivaldi antenna. An antenna prototype was fabricated and then tested for verification inside a seven-layered semi-solid brain phantom where each layer had similar electromagnetic material properties as actual brain tissues. The measured data showed that the antenna radiated toward the end-fire direction with an average gain of −15.7 dBi under the frequency of interest, 3–5 GHz. A link budget analysis shows that reliable wireless communication can be achieved over a distance of 10.8 cm despite the electromagnetically harsh environment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9231057 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92310572022-06-25 Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth Sapari, Lisa Hout, Samnang Chung, Jae-Young Sensors (Basel) Article An end-fire radiating implantable antenna with a small footprint and broadband operation at the frequency range of 3–5 GHz is proposed for high-data-rate wireless communication in a brain–machine interface. The proposed Vivaldi antenna was implanted vertically along the height of the skull to avoid deformation in the radiation pattern and to compensate for a gain–loss caused by surrounding lossy brain tissues. It was shown that the vertically implanted end-fire antenna had a 3 dB higher antenna gain than a horizontally implanted broadside radiating antenna discussed in recent literature. Additionally, comb-shaped slot arrays imprinted on the Vivaldi antenna lowered the resonant frequency by approximately 2 GHz and improved the antenna gain by more than 2 dB compared to an ordinary Vivaldi antenna. An antenna prototype was fabricated and then tested for verification inside a seven-layered semi-solid brain phantom where each layer had similar electromagnetic material properties as actual brain tissues. The measured data showed that the antenna radiated toward the end-fire direction with an average gain of −15.7 dBi under the frequency of interest, 3–5 GHz. A link budget analysis shows that reliable wireless communication can be achieved over a distance of 10.8 cm despite the electromagnetically harsh environment. MDPI 2022-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9231057/ /pubmed/35746109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124328 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sapari, Lisa Hout, Samnang Chung, Jae-Young Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth |
title | Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth |
title_full | Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth |
title_fullStr | Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth |
title_full_unstemmed | Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth |
title_short | Brain Implantable End-Fire Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth |
title_sort | brain implantable end-fire antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9231057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35746109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124328 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT saparilisa brainimplantableendfireantennawithenhancedgainandbandwidth AT houtsamnang brainimplantableendfireantennawithenhancedgainandbandwidth AT chungjaeyoung brainimplantableendfireantennawithenhancedgainandbandwidth |