Modifications of the Dental Hard Tissues in the Cervical Area of Occlusally Overloaded Teeth Identified Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Background and objectives: Occlusal overloads produce a series of manifestations in teeth, especially attrition and non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can highlight and evaluate tooth lesions. The aim of this study was to examine the changes of dental hard tissues in the cervical area because of occlusal overload by macroscopic examination and using in vitro Swept Source OCT examination. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 21 extracted teeth with occlusal trauma. After macroscopic and OCT examination, the 2D OCT images were transformed into 3D images using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis of macroscopic and OCT images was performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: On 21 teeth, 88 cervical lesions (cracks) were identified. Upper premolars with an occlusal Smith and Knight tooth wear score of 2 had the most NCCL. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the median widths of cervical lesions between teeth with score 1 and score 3. Additionally, we obtained statistically significant differences in median widths between the buccal and oral surfaces. Conclusions: These cracks can be considered precursors of NCCL. NCCL can be located on dental surfaces in the cervical area other than the buccal one. A 3D reconstruction of OCT images emphasized that cracks are located especially at enamel level, evolving towards the enamel–dentin junction, with multiple ramifications.