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A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to detect and measure hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its active metabolite desethyl hydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) in whole blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The best separation in terms of peak area reproducibility, migration time, peak shape, an...

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Autores principales: Sotgia, Salvatore, Zinellu, Angelo, Mundula, Nicola, Mangoni, Arduino A., Carru, Ciriaco, Erre, Gian Luca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9231352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745021
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123901
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author Sotgia, Salvatore
Zinellu, Angelo
Mundula, Nicola
Mangoni, Arduino A.
Carru, Ciriaco
Erre, Gian Luca
author_facet Sotgia, Salvatore
Zinellu, Angelo
Mundula, Nicola
Mangoni, Arduino A.
Carru, Ciriaco
Erre, Gian Luca
author_sort Sotgia, Salvatore
collection PubMed
description A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to detect and measure hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its active metabolite desethyl hydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) in whole blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The best separation in terms of peak area reproducibility, migration time, peak shape, and resolution of adjacent peaks was obtained in a 60 cm, 75 µm i.d. uncoated fused-silica capillary using a background electrolyte mixture of an aqueous 55 mmol/L TRIS solution brought to pH 2.6 with phosphoric acid and methanol (85:15) and a voltage and a temperature of separation of 20 kV and 30 °C, respectively. Analytes were separated in less than 12 min, with excellent linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.999) in the concentration range of 0.5–8 µmol/L. The recovery of analytes spiked in whole blood was 99–101% for HCQ and 98–99% for DHCQ. Analysis of five samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving HCQ 400 mg daily yielded mean steady-state concentrations of 2.27 ± 1.61 and 1.54 ± 0.55 μmol/L for HCQ and DHCQ, respectively, with a HCQ to DHCQ ratio of 1.40 ± 0.77.
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spelling pubmed-92313522022-06-25 A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Sotgia, Salvatore Zinellu, Angelo Mundula, Nicola Mangoni, Arduino A. Carru, Ciriaco Erre, Gian Luca Molecules Article A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to detect and measure hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its active metabolite desethyl hydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) in whole blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The best separation in terms of peak area reproducibility, migration time, peak shape, and resolution of adjacent peaks was obtained in a 60 cm, 75 µm i.d. uncoated fused-silica capillary using a background electrolyte mixture of an aqueous 55 mmol/L TRIS solution brought to pH 2.6 with phosphoric acid and methanol (85:15) and a voltage and a temperature of separation of 20 kV and 30 °C, respectively. Analytes were separated in less than 12 min, with excellent linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.999) in the concentration range of 0.5–8 µmol/L. The recovery of analytes spiked in whole blood was 99–101% for HCQ and 98–99% for DHCQ. Analysis of five samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving HCQ 400 mg daily yielded mean steady-state concentrations of 2.27 ± 1.61 and 1.54 ± 0.55 μmol/L for HCQ and DHCQ, respectively, with a HCQ to DHCQ ratio of 1.40 ± 0.77. MDPI 2022-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9231352/ /pubmed/35745021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123901 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sotgia, Salvatore
Zinellu, Angelo
Mundula, Nicola
Mangoni, Arduino A.
Carru, Ciriaco
Erre, Gian Luca
A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
title A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
title_full A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
title_fullStr A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
title_full_unstemmed A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
title_short A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
title_sort capillary electrophoresis-based method for the measurement of hydroxychloroquine and its active metabolite desethyl hydroxychloroquine in whole blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9231352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35745021
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123901
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