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Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization

This study represents the sustainable/safe consumption of lead glass sludge (LGS) in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass via sintering (750–950º C) and chlorination processes. The impact of selected additives including calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the fo...

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Autores principales: Abdel-Gawwad, Hamdy A., Mohammed, Mona S., Arif, Mohammed A., Shoukry, Hamada
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9232468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35182335
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19184-0
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author Abdel-Gawwad, Hamdy A.
Mohammed, Mona S.
Arif, Mohammed A.
Shoukry, Hamada
author_facet Abdel-Gawwad, Hamdy A.
Mohammed, Mona S.
Arif, Mohammed A.
Shoukry, Hamada
author_sort Abdel-Gawwad, Hamdy A.
collection PubMed
description This study represents the sustainable/safe consumption of lead glass sludge (LGS) in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass via sintering (750–950º C) and chlorination processes. The impact of selected additives including calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the foaming efficiency and Pb-stabilization has been deeply investigated. LGS is mainly lead silicate material with considerable content of calcium carbonate, which acts as foaming agent during sintering process. The newly developed foamed-materials exhibited thermal conductivity of 0.054–0.136 W/m.K, density of 0.23–1.10 g/cm(3), porosity of 63.3–92.6%, and compressive strength of 0.10–2.69 MPa. X-ray diffraction proved that the immobilization mechanism was attributed to the transformation of free Pb within LGS into insoluble ganomalite Pb(9)Ca(5)MnSi(9)O(33) phase. Adding NaOH enhanced the foaming process accompanied by a significant reduction in Pb-leaching. Incorporating CaCl(2) has resulted in a retardation in Pb-leaching, which associated with Pb-stabilization and Pb-vaporization. In an attempt to reduce CO(2)-emission, the potential use of alkali-rich-wastewater (AW) as eco-friendly alkali source in lieu of NaOH was studied. Regardless of the variation in Pb-concentrations in leachates, all samples recorded Pb-concentrations lower than the safe limit (≤ 5 mg/l), achieving Pb-immobilization of 95.98–99.87%. The significantly reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced Pb-immobilization efficiency along with the reasonable compressive strength summarize the major innovation presented in this study.
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spelling pubmed-92324682022-06-26 Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization Abdel-Gawwad, Hamdy A. Mohammed, Mona S. Arif, Mohammed A. Shoukry, Hamada Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article This study represents the sustainable/safe consumption of lead glass sludge (LGS) in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass via sintering (750–950º C) and chlorination processes. The impact of selected additives including calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the foaming efficiency and Pb-stabilization has been deeply investigated. LGS is mainly lead silicate material with considerable content of calcium carbonate, which acts as foaming agent during sintering process. The newly developed foamed-materials exhibited thermal conductivity of 0.054–0.136 W/m.K, density of 0.23–1.10 g/cm(3), porosity of 63.3–92.6%, and compressive strength of 0.10–2.69 MPa. X-ray diffraction proved that the immobilization mechanism was attributed to the transformation of free Pb within LGS into insoluble ganomalite Pb(9)Ca(5)MnSi(9)O(33) phase. Adding NaOH enhanced the foaming process accompanied by a significant reduction in Pb-leaching. Incorporating CaCl(2) has resulted in a retardation in Pb-leaching, which associated with Pb-stabilization and Pb-vaporization. In an attempt to reduce CO(2)-emission, the potential use of alkali-rich-wastewater (AW) as eco-friendly alkali source in lieu of NaOH was studied. Regardless of the variation in Pb-concentrations in leachates, all samples recorded Pb-concentrations lower than the safe limit (≤ 5 mg/l), achieving Pb-immobilization of 95.98–99.87%. The significantly reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced Pb-immobilization efficiency along with the reasonable compressive strength summarize the major innovation presented in this study. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-02-18 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9232468/ /pubmed/35182335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19184-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Abdel-Gawwad, Hamdy A.
Mohammed, Mona S.
Arif, Mohammed A.
Shoukry, Hamada
Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization
title Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization
title_full Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization
title_fullStr Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization
title_full_unstemmed Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization
title_short Reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high Pb-stabilization
title_sort reuse of lead glass sludge in the fabrication of thermally insulating foamed glass with outstanding properties and high pb-stabilization
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9232468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35182335
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19184-0
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