Ultrafast B1 mapping with RF‐prepared 3D FLASH acquisition: Correcting the bias due to T(1)‐induced k‐space filtering effect

PURPOSE: The traditional radiofrequency (RF)‐prepared B(1) mapping technique consists of one scan with an RF preparation module for flip angle‐encoding and a second scan without this module for normalizing. To reduce the T(1)‐induced k‐space filtering effect, this method is limited to 2D FLASH acquisition with a two‐parameter method. A novel 3D RF‐prepared three‐parameter method for ultrafast B(1)‐mapping is proposed to correct the T(1)‐induced quantification bias. THEORY: The point spread function analysis of FLASH shows that the prepared longitudinal magnetization before the FLASH acquisition and the image signal obeys a linear (not proportional) relationship. The intercept of the linear function causes the quantification bias and can be captured by a third saturated scan. METHODS: Using the 2D double‐angle method (DAM) as the reference, a 3D RF‐prepared three‐parameter protocol with 9 s duration was compared with the two‐parameter method, as well as the saturated DAM (SDAM) method, the dual refocusing echo acquisition mode (DREAM) method, and the actual flip‐angle imaging (AFI) method, for B(1) mapping of brain, breast, and abdomen with different orientations and shim settings at 3T. RESULTS: The 3D RF‐prepared three‐parameter method with complex‐subtraction delivered consistently lower RMS error, error mean, error standard deviation, and higher concordance correlation coefficients values than the two‐parameter method, the three‐parameter method with magnitude‐subtraction, the multi‐slice DREAM and the 3D AFI, and were close to the results of 2D or multi‐slice SDAM. CONCLUSION: The proposed ultrafast 3D RF‐prepared three‐parameter method with complex‐subtraction was demonstrated with high accuracy for B(1) mapping of brain, breast, and abdomen.