Treatment of Complications Due to Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis (FHI) - a Case Report

BACKGROUND: Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis is a chronic, unilateral iridocyclitis characterized by iris heterochromia. The gradual progression of the disease leads to the development of cataracts, glaucoma, and, occasionally, vitreous infiltration. The trigger for inflammation of the iris and ciliary body is still unknown. There are several as yet unconfirmed theories about the mechanism of occurrence, including Toxoplasma gondii infection, immune dysfunction, infiltration of sensitized lymphocytes, and chronic herpes virus infection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to present a case of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis with complications in form of glaucoma and dense cataract in a female patient during a standard ophthalmologic exam in our clinic. The next aim is to show a proper algorithm of treatment in form of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors antiglaucoma medication, cataract surgery with implantation of the intraocular lens, yag laser capsulothomy. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old patient reports to our clinic for an examination. She was informed 7 years ago by her ophthalmologist that her lack of vision in the right eye is irreparable. Ophthalmological examination as well as a positive TORCH test (elevation of IgG for toxoplasma gondii) lead to a diagnosis of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis with complications of glaucoma and dense cataract. Antiglaucoma drops are prescribed, PHACO surgery is performed on the right eye with implantation of the intraocular lens, and yag laser capsulotomy in the follow ups. There was a significant improvement of the visual acuity from light sensation with uncertain projection of the same on the right eye, to 0,5-0,6 Snellen scale. We also educated the patient of her disease as well as the importance of her treatment and follow up consultations. CONCLUSION: Due to the insidious nature of this condition, along with a mild chronic course, most patients with FHI are not aware of the subtle changes that occur in their eyes. One of the most serious complications of FHI is secondary glaucoma, which can cause permanent vision loss in patients. The main cause of poor vision in patients with FHI is caused by cataract formation, with a prevalence of 23% to 90.7%. We placed special emphasis on educating the patient about her condition and the long-term and importance of regular check-ups to prevent possible recurrent or new complications.