Treatment Patterns, Socioeconomic Status and Clinical Burden in Mild COPD: A Swedish Real-World, Retrospective Cohort Study, the ARCTIC Study

BACKGROUND: Patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) account for more than half of the total COPD population but are often undiagnosed and sparsely studied. This real-world, longitudinal study compared the socioeconomic burden, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns in patients with mild COPD and age- and gender-matched controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our population included mild COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in one second ≥80% of predicted value) and reference controls from 52 Swedish primary care centres over 15 years (2000–2014). We linked electronic medical record (EMR) data to Sweden’s National Health Registries. The outcomes analyzed were socioeconomic status including annual income from work, presence of comorbidities and the use of medications. RESULTS: 844 patients with mild COPD were included in this study and matched with 844 reference controls. Compared with the reference controls, mild COPD patients had a significantly lower annual income from work (mean difference, men: 12,559€ and women: 7143€) and were significantly less likely to be married or employed. The presence of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, anxiety and depression (only women) was significantly higher in mild COPD patients. The use of medications, such as proton pump inhibitors, antidepressants, central painkillers and sleep medications, was significantly higher in the mild COPD group. CONCLUSION: Mild COPD presents a considerable socioeconomic and clinical burden compared with reference controls The findings suggest that COPD constitutes a condition that influences health status even in mild disease clearly demanding an increased need for early detection and treatment.