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Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors
Asthma is characterized by an increase in the contraction and inflammation of airway muscles, resulting in airflow obstruction. The prevalence of asthma is lower in females than in males until the start of puberty, and higher in adult women than men. This sex disparity and switch at the onset of pub...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9234861/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35769576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.875295 |
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author | Ekpruke, Carolyn Damilola Silveyra, Patricia |
author_facet | Ekpruke, Carolyn Damilola Silveyra, Patricia |
author_sort | Ekpruke, Carolyn Damilola |
collection | PubMed |
description | Asthma is characterized by an increase in the contraction and inflammation of airway muscles, resulting in airflow obstruction. The prevalence of asthma is lower in females than in males until the start of puberty, and higher in adult women than men. This sex disparity and switch at the onset of puberty has been an object of debate among many researchers. Hence, in this review, we have summarized these observations to pinpoint areas needing more research work and to provide better sex-specific diagnosis and management of asthma. While some researchers have attributed it to the anatomical and physiological differences in the male and female respiratory systems, the influences of hormonal interplay after puberty have also been stressed. Other hormones such as leptin have been linked to the sex differences in asthma in both obese and non-obese patients. Recently, many scientists have also demonstrated the influence of the sex-specific genomic framework as a key player, and others have linked it to environmental, social lifestyle, and occupational exposures. The majority of studies concluded that adult men are less susceptible to developing asthma than women and that women display more severe forms of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of the roles played by sex- and gender-specific factors, and the biological mechanisms involved will help develop novel and more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic plans for sex-specific asthma management. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9234861 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92348612022-06-28 Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors Ekpruke, Carolyn Damilola Silveyra, Patricia Front Allergy Allergy Asthma is characterized by an increase in the contraction and inflammation of airway muscles, resulting in airflow obstruction. The prevalence of asthma is lower in females than in males until the start of puberty, and higher in adult women than men. This sex disparity and switch at the onset of puberty has been an object of debate among many researchers. Hence, in this review, we have summarized these observations to pinpoint areas needing more research work and to provide better sex-specific diagnosis and management of asthma. While some researchers have attributed it to the anatomical and physiological differences in the male and female respiratory systems, the influences of hormonal interplay after puberty have also been stressed. Other hormones such as leptin have been linked to the sex differences in asthma in both obese and non-obese patients. Recently, many scientists have also demonstrated the influence of the sex-specific genomic framework as a key player, and others have linked it to environmental, social lifestyle, and occupational exposures. The majority of studies concluded that adult men are less susceptible to developing asthma than women and that women display more severe forms of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of the roles played by sex- and gender-specific factors, and the biological mechanisms involved will help develop novel and more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic plans for sex-specific asthma management. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9234861/ /pubmed/35769576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.875295 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ekpruke and Silveyra. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Allergy Ekpruke, Carolyn Damilola Silveyra, Patricia Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors |
title | Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors |
title_full | Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors |
title_fullStr | Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors |
title_short | Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors |
title_sort | sex differences in airway remodeling and inflammation: clinical and biological factors |
topic | Allergy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9234861/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35769576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.875295 |
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