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Laboratory diagnostic testing for cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplant patients

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which is one of the most common complications in transplant recipients, increases the risk of graft loss and rejection. Laboratory strategies for diagnosing CMV infection rely on the measurement of viral DNAemia and CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI)...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lee, Hyeyoung, Oh, Eun-Jee
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Society for Transplantation 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9235525/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35769434
http://dx.doi.org/10.4285/kjt.22.0001
Descripción
Sumario:Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which is one of the most common complications in transplant recipients, increases the risk of graft loss and rejection. Laboratory strategies for diagnosing CMV infection rely on the measurement of viral DNAemia and CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI). The CMV quantitative nucleic acid amplification test (QNAT) enabled the spread of preemptive therapy and prompted recommendations for surveillance, diagnosis, and monitoring. Despite the implementation of the World Health Organization international standard for calibration, variability of QNAT persists due to technical issues. CMV immunoglobulin G serology is the standard method for CMV immune screening of transplant candidates and donors. Assays for CMV-CMI play an important role in helping to predict the risk and to develop an individualized CMV management plan. Genotypic testing for resistance is needed when drug-resistant CMV infection is suspected. Here, we review the state of the art of laboratory tests for CMV infection in solid organ transplantation.