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The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy

The stage and molecular pathology-dependent prognosis of breast cancer, the limited treatment options for triple-negative carcinomas, as well as the development of resistance to therapies illustrate the need for improved early diagnosis and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Increasing d...

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Autores principales: Schröder, Rieke, Illert, Anna-Lena, Erbes, Thalia, Flotho, Christian, Lübbert, Michael, Duque-Afonso, Jesús
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9235902/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34159881
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2021.1940644
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author Schröder, Rieke
Illert, Anna-Lena
Erbes, Thalia
Flotho, Christian
Lübbert, Michael
Duque-Afonso, Jesús
author_facet Schröder, Rieke
Illert, Anna-Lena
Erbes, Thalia
Flotho, Christian
Lübbert, Michael
Duque-Afonso, Jesús
author_sort Schröder, Rieke
collection PubMed
description The stage and molecular pathology-dependent prognosis of breast cancer, the limited treatment options for triple-negative carcinomas, as well as the development of resistance to therapies illustrate the need for improved early diagnosis and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Increasing data suggests that some answers to these challenges could be found in the area of epigenetics. In this study, we focus on the current research of the epigenetics of breast cancer, especially on the potential of epigenetics for clinical application in diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy. The differential DNA methylation status of specific gene regions has been used in the past to differentiate breast cancer cells from normal tissue. New technologies as detection of circulating nucleic acids including microRNAs to early detect breast cancer are emerging. Pattern of DNA methylation and expression of histone-modifying enzymes have been successfully used for risk stratification. However, all these epigenetic biomarkers should be validated in larger clinical studies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies show a therapeutic benefit of epigenetically active drugs for breast cancer entities that are still difficult to treat (triple negative, UICC stage IV). Remarkably, epigenetic therapies combined with chemotherapies or hormone-based therapies represent the most promising strategy. At the current stage, the integration of epigenetic substances into established breast cancer therapy protocols seems to hold the greatest potential for a clinical application of epigenetic research.
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spelling pubmed-92359022022-06-28 The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy Schröder, Rieke Illert, Anna-Lena Erbes, Thalia Flotho, Christian Lübbert, Michael Duque-Afonso, Jesús Epigenetics Review The stage and molecular pathology-dependent prognosis of breast cancer, the limited treatment options for triple-negative carcinomas, as well as the development of resistance to therapies illustrate the need for improved early diagnosis and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Increasing data suggests that some answers to these challenges could be found in the area of epigenetics. In this study, we focus on the current research of the epigenetics of breast cancer, especially on the potential of epigenetics for clinical application in diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy. The differential DNA methylation status of specific gene regions has been used in the past to differentiate breast cancer cells from normal tissue. New technologies as detection of circulating nucleic acids including microRNAs to early detect breast cancer are emerging. Pattern of DNA methylation and expression of histone-modifying enzymes have been successfully used for risk stratification. However, all these epigenetic biomarkers should be validated in larger clinical studies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies show a therapeutic benefit of epigenetically active drugs for breast cancer entities that are still difficult to treat (triple negative, UICC stage IV). Remarkably, epigenetic therapies combined with chemotherapies or hormone-based therapies represent the most promising strategy. At the current stage, the integration of epigenetic substances into established breast cancer therapy protocols seems to hold the greatest potential for a clinical application of epigenetic research. Taylor & Francis 2021-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9235902/ /pubmed/34159881 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2021.1940644 Text en © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
spellingShingle Review
Schröder, Rieke
Illert, Anna-Lena
Erbes, Thalia
Flotho, Christian
Lübbert, Michael
Duque-Afonso, Jesús
The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy
title The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy
title_full The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy
title_fullStr The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy
title_full_unstemmed The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy
title_short The epigenetics of breast cancer – Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy
title_sort epigenetics of breast cancer – opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9235902/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34159881
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2021.1940644
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