Cargando…

Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictive public health measures have seriously affected mental health of society. Social, psychological, and health-related factors have been linked to anxiety in the general population. AIM: We investigate the association of various sociopsychological an...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vrublevska, Jelena, Perepjolkina, Viktorija, Martinsone, Kristine, Kolesnikova, Jelena, Krone, Ilona, Smirnova, Daria, Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., Rancans, Elmars
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9236180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35769784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.854812
_version_ 1784736474088865792
author Vrublevska, Jelena
Perepjolkina, Viktorija
Martinsone, Kristine
Kolesnikova, Jelena
Krone, Ilona
Smirnova, Daria
Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N.
Rancans, Elmars
author_facet Vrublevska, Jelena
Perepjolkina, Viktorija
Martinsone, Kristine
Kolesnikova, Jelena
Krone, Ilona
Smirnova, Daria
Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N.
Rancans, Elmars
author_sort Vrublevska, Jelena
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictive public health measures have seriously affected mental health of society. Social, psychological, and health-related factors have been linked to anxiety in the general population. AIM: We investigate the association of various sociopsychological and health-related determinants of anxiety and identify the predicting factors for anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 state of emergency from in Latvia. METHODS: We conducted an online survey using a randomized stratified sample of the general adult population in July 2020 for 3 weeks. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Sociodemographic, health-related, sociopsychological characteristics and suicidality were identified using the structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis included Pearson's chi-square test, post hoc analysis, and binomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The weighted study sample included 2,608 participants. The mean STAY-S score of the total sample was 22.88 ± 12.25. In the total sample, 15.2% (n = 398) of participants were classified as having anxiety. The odds ratio (OR) of having anxiety was higher in females (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.75–3.33) and people who had experienced mental health problems in the past (OR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.03–2.04), had suicide attempt in the past (OR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.08–2.59), were worried about their health status due to COVID-19 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.36–1.16), were worried about stigmatization from others if infected with COVID-19 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.35), were worried about information regarding COVID-19 from the Internet (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43), persons who were lonely (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.54–2.34), and persons with negative problem orientation (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.51). Protective factors were identified as having good self-rated general health (OR = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.58–0.81), maintaining a daily routine (OR = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.61–0.90), having financial stability (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.55–0.79), and having good psychological resilience (OR = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.87–0.94). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report a prevalence of anxiety in the general population of Latvia. Certain factors that predict anxiety, as well as protective factors were identified.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9236180
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-92361802022-06-28 Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency Vrublevska, Jelena Perepjolkina, Viktorija Martinsone, Kristine Kolesnikova, Jelena Krone, Ilona Smirnova, Daria Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N. Rancans, Elmars Front Public Health Public Health BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictive public health measures have seriously affected mental health of society. Social, psychological, and health-related factors have been linked to anxiety in the general population. AIM: We investigate the association of various sociopsychological and health-related determinants of anxiety and identify the predicting factors for anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 state of emergency from in Latvia. METHODS: We conducted an online survey using a randomized stratified sample of the general adult population in July 2020 for 3 weeks. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Sociodemographic, health-related, sociopsychological characteristics and suicidality were identified using the structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis included Pearson's chi-square test, post hoc analysis, and binomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The weighted study sample included 2,608 participants. The mean STAY-S score of the total sample was 22.88 ± 12.25. In the total sample, 15.2% (n = 398) of participants were classified as having anxiety. The odds ratio (OR) of having anxiety was higher in females (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.75–3.33) and people who had experienced mental health problems in the past (OR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.03–2.04), had suicide attempt in the past (OR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.08–2.59), were worried about their health status due to COVID-19 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.36–1.16), were worried about stigmatization from others if infected with COVID-19 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.35), were worried about information regarding COVID-19 from the Internet (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43), persons who were lonely (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.54–2.34), and persons with negative problem orientation (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.51). Protective factors were identified as having good self-rated general health (OR = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.58–0.81), maintaining a daily routine (OR = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.61–0.90), having financial stability (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.55–0.79), and having good psychological resilience (OR = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.87–0.94). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report a prevalence of anxiety in the general population of Latvia. Certain factors that predict anxiety, as well as protective factors were identified. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9236180/ /pubmed/35769784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.854812 Text en Copyright © 2022 Vrublevska, Perepjolkina, Martinsone, Kolesnikova, Krone, Smirnova, Fountoulakis and Rancans. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Vrublevska, Jelena
Perepjolkina, Viktorija
Martinsone, Kristine
Kolesnikova, Jelena
Krone, Ilona
Smirnova, Daria
Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N.
Rancans, Elmars
Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency
title Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency
title_full Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency
title_fullStr Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency
title_short Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency
title_sort determinants of anxiety in the general latvian population during the covid-19 state of emergency
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9236180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35769784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.854812
work_keys_str_mv AT vrublevskajelena determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency
AT perepjolkinaviktorija determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency
AT martinsonekristine determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency
AT kolesnikovajelena determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency
AT kroneilona determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency
AT smirnovadaria determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency
AT fountoulakiskonstantinosn determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency
AT rancanselmars determinantsofanxietyinthegenerallatvianpopulationduringthecovid19stateofemergency