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Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)
A high-carbohydrate diet lowers the rearing cost and decreases the ammonia emission into the environment, whereas it can induce liver injury, which can reduce harvest yields and generate economic losses in reared fish species. Macroalgae Saccharina japonica (SJ) has been reported to improve anti-dia...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9237522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35774985 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.869369 |
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author | Yu, Chuanqi Wang, Lu Cai, Wanghe Zhang, Wenping Hu, Zhonghua Wang, Zirui Yang, Zhuqing Peng, Mo Huo, Huanhuan Zhang, Yazhou Zhou, Qiubai |
author_facet | Yu, Chuanqi Wang, Lu Cai, Wanghe Zhang, Wenping Hu, Zhonghua Wang, Zirui Yang, Zhuqing Peng, Mo Huo, Huanhuan Zhang, Yazhou Zhou, Qiubai |
author_sort | Yu, Chuanqi |
collection | PubMed |
description | A high-carbohydrate diet lowers the rearing cost and decreases the ammonia emission into the environment, whereas it can induce liver injury, which can reduce harvest yields and generate economic losses in reared fish species. Macroalgae Saccharina japonica (SJ) has been reported to improve anti-diabetic, but the protective mechanism of dietary SJ against liver injury in fish fed a high-carbohydrate diet has not been studied. Therefore, a 56-day nutritional trial was designed for swamp eel Monopterus albus, which was fed with the normal diet [20% carbohydrate, normal carbohydrate (NC)], a high carbohydrate diet (32% carbohydrate, HC), and a HC diet supplemented with 2.5% SJ (HC-S). The HC diet promoted growth and lowered feed coefficient (FC), whereas it increased hepatosomatic index (HSI) when compared with the NC diet in this study. However, SJ supplementation increased iodine contents in muscle, reduced HSI, and improved liver injury, such as the decrease of glucose (GLU), total bile acid (TBA), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum, and glycogen and TBA in the liver. Consistently, histological analysis showed that SJ reduced the area of lipid droplet, glycogen, and collagen fiber in the liver (p < 0.05). Thoroughly, the underlying protective mechanisms of SJ supplementation against HC-induced liver injury were studied by liver transcriptome sequencing coupled with pathway analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (acss1), alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (ifit1), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1 (akr1d1), cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase (cyp7a1), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt), indicated that the pathway of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was the main metabolic pathway altered in the HC group compared with the NC group. Meanwhile, hepatitis C, primary BA biosynthesis, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 were the three main metabolic pathways altered by SJ supplementation when compared with the HC group. Moreover, the BA-targeted metabolomic analysis of the serum BA found that SJ supplementation decreased the contents of taurohyocholic acid (THCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), nordeoxycholic acid (NorDCA), and increased the contents of ursocholic acid (UCA), allocholic acid (ACA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). In particular, the higher contents of UCA, ACA, and CDCA regulated by SJ were associated with lower liver injury. Overall, these results indicate that the 2.5% supplementation of SJ can be recommended as a functional feed additive for the alleviation of liver injury in swamp eel-fed high-carbohydrate diets. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9237522 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92375222022-06-29 Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) Yu, Chuanqi Wang, Lu Cai, Wanghe Zhang, Wenping Hu, Zhonghua Wang, Zirui Yang, Zhuqing Peng, Mo Huo, Huanhuan Zhang, Yazhou Zhou, Qiubai Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science A high-carbohydrate diet lowers the rearing cost and decreases the ammonia emission into the environment, whereas it can induce liver injury, which can reduce harvest yields and generate economic losses in reared fish species. Macroalgae Saccharina japonica (SJ) has been reported to improve anti-diabetic, but the protective mechanism of dietary SJ against liver injury in fish fed a high-carbohydrate diet has not been studied. Therefore, a 56-day nutritional trial was designed for swamp eel Monopterus albus, which was fed with the normal diet [20% carbohydrate, normal carbohydrate (NC)], a high carbohydrate diet (32% carbohydrate, HC), and a HC diet supplemented with 2.5% SJ (HC-S). The HC diet promoted growth and lowered feed coefficient (FC), whereas it increased hepatosomatic index (HSI) when compared with the NC diet in this study. However, SJ supplementation increased iodine contents in muscle, reduced HSI, and improved liver injury, such as the decrease of glucose (GLU), total bile acid (TBA), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum, and glycogen and TBA in the liver. Consistently, histological analysis showed that SJ reduced the area of lipid droplet, glycogen, and collagen fiber in the liver (p < 0.05). Thoroughly, the underlying protective mechanisms of SJ supplementation against HC-induced liver injury were studied by liver transcriptome sequencing coupled with pathway analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (acss1), alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (ifit1), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1 (akr1d1), cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase (cyp7a1), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt), indicated that the pathway of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was the main metabolic pathway altered in the HC group compared with the NC group. Meanwhile, hepatitis C, primary BA biosynthesis, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 were the three main metabolic pathways altered by SJ supplementation when compared with the HC group. Moreover, the BA-targeted metabolomic analysis of the serum BA found that SJ supplementation decreased the contents of taurohyocholic acid (THCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), nordeoxycholic acid (NorDCA), and increased the contents of ursocholic acid (UCA), allocholic acid (ACA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). In particular, the higher contents of UCA, ACA, and CDCA regulated by SJ were associated with lower liver injury. Overall, these results indicate that the 2.5% supplementation of SJ can be recommended as a functional feed additive for the alleviation of liver injury in swamp eel-fed high-carbohydrate diets. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9237522/ /pubmed/35774985 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.869369 Text en Copyright © 2022 Yu, Wang, Cai, Zhang, Hu, Wang, Yang, Peng, Huo, Zhang and Zhou. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Yu, Chuanqi Wang, Lu Cai, Wanghe Zhang, Wenping Hu, Zhonghua Wang, Zirui Yang, Zhuqing Peng, Mo Huo, Huanhuan Zhang, Yazhou Zhou, Qiubai Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) |
title | Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) |
title_full | Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) |
title_fullStr | Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) |
title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) |
title_short | Dietary Macroalgae Saccharina japonica Ameliorates Liver Injury Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) |
title_sort | dietary macroalgae saccharina japonica ameliorates liver injury induced by a high-carbohydrate diet in swamp eel (monopterus albus) |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9237522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35774985 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.869369 |
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