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Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients
Antibody response following Omicron infection is reported to be less robust than that to other variants. Here we investigated how prior vaccination and/or prior infection modulates that response. Disease severity, antibody responses and immune transcriptomes were characterized in four groups of Omic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9240221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35784346 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.916686 |
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author | Lee, Hye Kyung Knabl, Ludwig Walter, Mary Knabl, Ludwig Dai, Yuhai Füßl, Magdalena Caf, Yasemin Jeller, Claudia Knabl, Philipp Obermoser, Martina Baurecht, Christof Kaiser, Norbert Zabernigg, August Wurdinger, Gernot M. Furth, Priscilla A. Hennighausen, Lothar |
author_facet | Lee, Hye Kyung Knabl, Ludwig Walter, Mary Knabl, Ludwig Dai, Yuhai Füßl, Magdalena Caf, Yasemin Jeller, Claudia Knabl, Philipp Obermoser, Martina Baurecht, Christof Kaiser, Norbert Zabernigg, August Wurdinger, Gernot M. Furth, Priscilla A. Hennighausen, Lothar |
author_sort | Lee, Hye Kyung |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antibody response following Omicron infection is reported to be less robust than that to other variants. Here we investigated how prior vaccination and/or prior infection modulates that response. Disease severity, antibody responses and immune transcriptomes were characterized in four groups of Omicron-infected outpatients (n=83): unvaccinated/no prior infection, vaccinated/no prior infection, unvaccinated/prior infection and vaccinated/prior infection. The percentage of patients with asymptomatic or mild disease was highest in the vaccinated/no prior infection group (87%) and lowest in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group (47%). Significant anti-Omicron spike antibody levels and neutralizing activity were detected in the vaccinated group immediately after infection but were not present in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group. Within two weeks, antibody levels against Omicron, increased. Omicron neutralizing activity in the vaccinated group exceeded that of the prior infection group. No increase in neutralizing activity in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group was seen. The unvaccinated/prior infection group showed an intermediate response. We then investigated the early transcriptomic response following Omicron infection in these outpatient populations and compared it to that found in unvaccinated hospitalized patients with Alpha infection. Omicron infected patients showed a gradient of transcriptional response dependent upon whether or not they were previously vaccinated or infected. Vaccinated patients showed a significantly blunted interferon response as compared to both unvaccinated Omicron infected outpatients and unvaccinated Alpha infected hospitalized patients typified by the response of specific gene classes such as OAS and IFIT that control anti-viral responses and IFI27, a predictor of disease outcome. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9240221 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92402212022-06-30 Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients Lee, Hye Kyung Knabl, Ludwig Walter, Mary Knabl, Ludwig Dai, Yuhai Füßl, Magdalena Caf, Yasemin Jeller, Claudia Knabl, Philipp Obermoser, Martina Baurecht, Christof Kaiser, Norbert Zabernigg, August Wurdinger, Gernot M. Furth, Priscilla A. Hennighausen, Lothar Front Immunol Immunology Antibody response following Omicron infection is reported to be less robust than that to other variants. Here we investigated how prior vaccination and/or prior infection modulates that response. Disease severity, antibody responses and immune transcriptomes were characterized in four groups of Omicron-infected outpatients (n=83): unvaccinated/no prior infection, vaccinated/no prior infection, unvaccinated/prior infection and vaccinated/prior infection. The percentage of patients with asymptomatic or mild disease was highest in the vaccinated/no prior infection group (87%) and lowest in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group (47%). Significant anti-Omicron spike antibody levels and neutralizing activity were detected in the vaccinated group immediately after infection but were not present in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group. Within two weeks, antibody levels against Omicron, increased. Omicron neutralizing activity in the vaccinated group exceeded that of the prior infection group. No increase in neutralizing activity in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group was seen. The unvaccinated/prior infection group showed an intermediate response. We then investigated the early transcriptomic response following Omicron infection in these outpatient populations and compared it to that found in unvaccinated hospitalized patients with Alpha infection. Omicron infected patients showed a gradient of transcriptional response dependent upon whether or not they were previously vaccinated or infected. Vaccinated patients showed a significantly blunted interferon response as compared to both unvaccinated Omicron infected outpatients and unvaccinated Alpha infected hospitalized patients typified by the response of specific gene classes such as OAS and IFIT that control anti-viral responses and IFI27, a predictor of disease outcome. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9240221/ /pubmed/35784346 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.916686 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lee, Knabl, Walter, Knabl, Dai, Füßl, Caf, Jeller, Knabl, Obermoser, Baurecht, Kaiser, Zabernigg, Wurdinger, Furth and Hennighausen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Lee, Hye Kyung Knabl, Ludwig Walter, Mary Knabl, Ludwig Dai, Yuhai Füßl, Magdalena Caf, Yasemin Jeller, Claudia Knabl, Philipp Obermoser, Martina Baurecht, Christof Kaiser, Norbert Zabernigg, August Wurdinger, Gernot M. Furth, Priscilla A. Hennighausen, Lothar Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients |
title | Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients |
title_full | Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients |
title_fullStr | Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients |
title_full_unstemmed | Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients |
title_short | Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients |
title_sort | prior vaccination exceeds prior infection in eliciting innate and humoral immune responses in omicron infected outpatients |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9240221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35784346 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.916686 |
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