Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Malnutrition in Critical Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From Chinese CIN Cohort and American MIMIC-III Database

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the prognostic impact of malnutrition in critical patients with AMI has not been well addressed. METHODS: We analyzed two critical AMI cohorts from Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt (CIN) in China and Medical Information Mark for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) in the United States. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to examine the risk of malnutrition for mortality in critical patients with AMI. RESULTS: There were 2,075 critical patients with AMI (mean age, 62.5 ± 12.3 years, 20.00% were female) from the CIN cohort and 887 critical patients with AMI (mean age, 70.1 ± 12.9 years, 37.43% were female) from MIMIC-III included in this study. Based on the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, of the Chinese patients with AMI, the prevalence was 47.5, 28.3, and 3.5% for mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition, respectively. The percentage of mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition was 41.60, 30.55, and 7.32% in the MIMIC-III cohort, respectively. Controlling for confounders, worse nutritional state was significantly associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality [an adjusted hazard ratio for mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition, respectively, 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76–1.59), 1.49 (95% CI: 1.02–2.19), and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.00–2.88) in the CIN cohort and 1.41 (95% CI: 0.95–2.09), 1.97 (95% CI: 1.32–2.95), and 2.70 (95% CI: 1.67–4.37) in the MIMIC-III cohort]. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in critical patients with AMI after full adjustments. Further trials are needed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of nutritional interventions in critical patients with AMI.