Extent of craniofacial fungal osteomyelitis in a ketoacidotic patient may predict optic nerve involvement: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Mucormycosis is an opportunistic mycosis common in poorly-controlled insulin dependent diabetic patients particularly with ketoacidosis. Fungal osteomyelitis is a life-threatening condition affectation of the nose and paranasal sinuses within the orofacial region. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a 63-year-old diabetic male patient with maxillary mucormycotic osteomyelitis threatening his better seeing eye and review the clinical symptoms, relevant imaging, and management. DISCUSSION: We highlight a rare pattern of craniofacial fungal bone infection with maxillary and orbital involvement that ultimately spared the optic nerve. This case report offers the clinician a review of important clinical and diagnostic findings that can help direct the need for orbital exenteration. CONCLUSION: Maxillary mucormycotic osteomyelitis is an aggressive infection that needs to be addressed promptly to prevent fatal consequences.