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Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure
At present, growth-promoting antibiotics are banned in the pig industry in many countries, but therapeutic antibiotics can still be used normally. However, the effect of therapeutic antibiotics on the structure and function of the intestinal bacterial community and its recovery is still unclear. We...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35604139 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02004-21 |
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author | Chen, Tao Xie, Gaomiao Mi, Jiandui Wen, Xin Cao, Zhen Ma, Baohua Zou, Yongde Zhang, Na Wang, Yan Liao, Xindi Wu, Yinbao |
author_facet | Chen, Tao Xie, Gaomiao Mi, Jiandui Wen, Xin Cao, Zhen Ma, Baohua Zou, Yongde Zhang, Na Wang, Yan Liao, Xindi Wu, Yinbao |
author_sort | Chen, Tao |
collection | PubMed |
description | At present, growth-promoting antibiotics are banned in the pig industry in many countries, but therapeutic antibiotics can still be used normally. However, the effect of therapeutic antibiotics on the structure and function of the intestinal bacterial community and its recovery is still unclear. We analyzed the effects of enrofloxacin on the pig manure bacterial community and functional genes during dosing and without dosing. Enrofloxacin caused significant changes in community structure. The changes in the diversity and structure of the bacterial community were the most obvious on the fifth day, and most of the differentially abundant genera (19/29) belonged to Firmicutes. The structure of the manure bacterial community in the low concentration enrofloxacin group was completely reverted after 10 days of drug discontinuation. In addition, enrofloxacin had a significant impact on the abundance of bacterial functional genes. Most of the differentially abundant functional genes of the manure bacterial community were significantly enriched, especially genes related to metabolic pathways, for adaptation to the antibiotic environment. Moreover, exposure to enrofloxacin increased the abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism in the manure bacterial community, and the total nitrogen content of pig manure was significantly reduced. The functional genetic differences caused by enrofloxacin exposure were completely reverted 10 days after drug discontinuation. The results of the present study suggest that enrofloxacin induces changes in the structure and function of manure bacterial communities, which may be rapidly recovered after drug discontinuation. IMPORTANCE A stable intestinal bacterial community balance is beneficial for animal health. Enrofloxacin is widely used in animal husbandry as a therapeutic drug, but it can cause intestinal environmental imbalance. Enrofloxacin is widely present in groundwater, pork, etc., which leads to a greater risk of human exposure. The effect of enrofloxacin on the structure and function of the intestinal bacterial community and its recovery is still unclear. In this study, we found that enrofloxacin, as a therapeutic drug, can enhance nitrogen metabolism in the manure bacterial community. Moreover, the structure and function of the manure bacterial community in the low concentration enrofloxacin group may be completely reverted 10 days after drug discontinuation. This study provides a reference for the effect of enrofloxacin exposure on the intestinal bacterial community. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9241743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92417432022-06-30 Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure Chen, Tao Xie, Gaomiao Mi, Jiandui Wen, Xin Cao, Zhen Ma, Baohua Zou, Yongde Zhang, Na Wang, Yan Liao, Xindi Wu, Yinbao Microbiol Spectr Research Article At present, growth-promoting antibiotics are banned in the pig industry in many countries, but therapeutic antibiotics can still be used normally. However, the effect of therapeutic antibiotics on the structure and function of the intestinal bacterial community and its recovery is still unclear. We analyzed the effects of enrofloxacin on the pig manure bacterial community and functional genes during dosing and without dosing. Enrofloxacin caused significant changes in community structure. The changes in the diversity and structure of the bacterial community were the most obvious on the fifth day, and most of the differentially abundant genera (19/29) belonged to Firmicutes. The structure of the manure bacterial community in the low concentration enrofloxacin group was completely reverted after 10 days of drug discontinuation. In addition, enrofloxacin had a significant impact on the abundance of bacterial functional genes. Most of the differentially abundant functional genes of the manure bacterial community were significantly enriched, especially genes related to metabolic pathways, for adaptation to the antibiotic environment. Moreover, exposure to enrofloxacin increased the abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism in the manure bacterial community, and the total nitrogen content of pig manure was significantly reduced. The functional genetic differences caused by enrofloxacin exposure were completely reverted 10 days after drug discontinuation. The results of the present study suggest that enrofloxacin induces changes in the structure and function of manure bacterial communities, which may be rapidly recovered after drug discontinuation. IMPORTANCE A stable intestinal bacterial community balance is beneficial for animal health. Enrofloxacin is widely used in animal husbandry as a therapeutic drug, but it can cause intestinal environmental imbalance. Enrofloxacin is widely present in groundwater, pork, etc., which leads to a greater risk of human exposure. The effect of enrofloxacin on the structure and function of the intestinal bacterial community and its recovery is still unclear. In this study, we found that enrofloxacin, as a therapeutic drug, can enhance nitrogen metabolism in the manure bacterial community. Moreover, the structure and function of the manure bacterial community in the low concentration enrofloxacin group may be completely reverted 10 days after drug discontinuation. This study provides a reference for the effect of enrofloxacin exposure on the intestinal bacterial community. American Society for Microbiology 2022-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9241743/ /pubmed/35604139 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02004-21 Text en Copyright © 2022 Chen et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Chen, Tao Xie, Gaomiao Mi, Jiandui Wen, Xin Cao, Zhen Ma, Baohua Zou, Yongde Zhang, Na Wang, Yan Liao, Xindi Wu, Yinbao Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure |
title | Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure |
title_full | Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure |
title_fullStr | Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure |
title_short | Recovery of the Structure and Function of the Pig Manure Bacterial Community after Enrofloxacin Exposure |
title_sort | recovery of the structure and function of the pig manure bacterial community after enrofloxacin exposure |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35604139 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02004-21 |
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