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Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters

We examined where women access modern contraceptives, using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from 36 low- and middle-income countries and disaggregating results by contraceptive method, age, marital status, residence, socioeconomic status, and country income. We used bivariate and multivari...

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Autores principales: Bradley, Sarah E. K., Shiras, Tess
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Global Health: Science and Practice 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36332074
http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00525
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author Bradley, Sarah E. K.
Shiras, Tess
author_facet Bradley, Sarah E. K.
Shiras, Tess
author_sort Bradley, Sarah E. K.
collection PubMed
description We examined where women access modern contraceptives, using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from 36 low- and middle-income countries and disaggregating results by contraceptive method, age, marital status, residence, socioeconomic status, and country income. We used bivariate and multivariate regression analysis to assess how demographic factors are associated with contraceptive source. In pooled analysis across countries analyzed, we found that 34% of users rely on private sources, 63% use public sources, and 3% use other sources. Among private sector users, 41% use pharmacies or drug shops, 11% general shops or markets, 36% private hospitals and clinics, and 12% nongovernmental or faith-based organizations. This analysis demonstrates the importance of the private sector for specific population segments including women in the wealthiest population quintile (odds ratio [OR]: 4.09, P<.001 compared with women in the poorest quintile), adolescents (OR: 2.03, P<.001 compared with women ages 40–49), never married women (OR 1.55, P<.001 compared with ever-married women), and urban women (OR: 1.42, P<.001 compared with rural women). The private sector does not only serve these populations, however. On average across countries analyzed, 22% of the poorest contraceptive users and 27% of rural users use private sources. Leveraging both sectors is key to meeting the reproductive needs of women across all sociodemographic groups in low- and middle-income countries.
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spelling pubmed-92426162022-07-06 Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters Bradley, Sarah E. K. Shiras, Tess Glob Health Sci Pract Original Article We examined where women access modern contraceptives, using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from 36 low- and middle-income countries and disaggregating results by contraceptive method, age, marital status, residence, socioeconomic status, and country income. We used bivariate and multivariate regression analysis to assess how demographic factors are associated with contraceptive source. In pooled analysis across countries analyzed, we found that 34% of users rely on private sources, 63% use public sources, and 3% use other sources. Among private sector users, 41% use pharmacies or drug shops, 11% general shops or markets, 36% private hospitals and clinics, and 12% nongovernmental or faith-based organizations. This analysis demonstrates the importance of the private sector for specific population segments including women in the wealthiest population quintile (odds ratio [OR]: 4.09, P<.001 compared with women in the poorest quintile), adolescents (OR: 2.03, P<.001 compared with women ages 40–49), never married women (OR 1.55, P<.001 compared with ever-married women), and urban women (OR: 1.42, P<.001 compared with rural women). The private sector does not only serve these populations, however. On average across countries analyzed, 22% of the poorest contraceptive users and 27% of rural users use private sources. Leveraging both sectors is key to meeting the reproductive needs of women across all sociodemographic groups in low- and middle-income countries. Global Health: Science and Practice 2022-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9242616/ /pubmed/36332074 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00525 Text en © Bradley and Shiras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited. To view a copy of the license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When linking to this article, please use the following permanent link: https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00525
spellingShingle Original Article
Bradley, Sarah E. K.
Shiras, Tess
Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters
title Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters
title_full Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters
title_fullStr Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters
title_full_unstemmed Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters
title_short Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters
title_sort where women access contraception in 36 low- and middle-income countries and why it matters
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36332074
http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00525
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