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How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?

Alongside the use of fertilizer and chemical control of weeds, pests, and diseases modern breeding has been very successful in generating cultivars that have increased agricultural production several fold in favorable environments. These typically homogeneous cultivars (either homozygous inbreds or...

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Autores principales: Renzi, Juan Pablo, Coyne, Clarice J., Berger, Jens, von Wettberg, Eric, Nelson, Matthew, Ureta, Soledad, Hernández, Fernando, Smýkal, Petr, Brus, Jan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243378/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35783966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.886162
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author Renzi, Juan Pablo
Coyne, Clarice J.
Berger, Jens
von Wettberg, Eric
Nelson, Matthew
Ureta, Soledad
Hernández, Fernando
Smýkal, Petr
Brus, Jan
author_facet Renzi, Juan Pablo
Coyne, Clarice J.
Berger, Jens
von Wettberg, Eric
Nelson, Matthew
Ureta, Soledad
Hernández, Fernando
Smýkal, Petr
Brus, Jan
author_sort Renzi, Juan Pablo
collection PubMed
description Alongside the use of fertilizer and chemical control of weeds, pests, and diseases modern breeding has been very successful in generating cultivars that have increased agricultural production several fold in favorable environments. These typically homogeneous cultivars (either homozygous inbreds or hybrids derived from inbred parents) are bred under optimal field conditions and perform well when there is sufficient water and nutrients. However, such optimal conditions are rare globally; indeed, a large proportion of arable land could be considered marginal for agricultural production. Marginal agricultural land typically has poor fertility and/or shallow soil depth, is subject to soil erosion, and often occurs in semi-arid or saline environments. Moreover, these marginal environments are expected to expand with ongoing climate change and progressive degradation of soil and water resources globally. Crop wild relatives (CWRs), most often used in breeding as sources of biotic resistance, often also possess traits adapting them to marginal environments. Wild progenitors have been selected over the course of their evolutionary history to maintain their fitness under a diverse range of stresses. Conversely, modern breeding for broad adaptation has reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic challenges. There is potential to exploit genetic heterogeneity, as opposed to genetic uniformity, in breeding for the utilization of marginal lands. This review discusses the adaptive traits that could improve the performance of cultivars in marginal environments and breeding strategies to deploy them.
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spelling pubmed-92433782022-07-01 How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments? Renzi, Juan Pablo Coyne, Clarice J. Berger, Jens von Wettberg, Eric Nelson, Matthew Ureta, Soledad Hernández, Fernando Smýkal, Petr Brus, Jan Front Plant Sci Plant Science Alongside the use of fertilizer and chemical control of weeds, pests, and diseases modern breeding has been very successful in generating cultivars that have increased agricultural production several fold in favorable environments. These typically homogeneous cultivars (either homozygous inbreds or hybrids derived from inbred parents) are bred under optimal field conditions and perform well when there is sufficient water and nutrients. However, such optimal conditions are rare globally; indeed, a large proportion of arable land could be considered marginal for agricultural production. Marginal agricultural land typically has poor fertility and/or shallow soil depth, is subject to soil erosion, and often occurs in semi-arid or saline environments. Moreover, these marginal environments are expected to expand with ongoing climate change and progressive degradation of soil and water resources globally. Crop wild relatives (CWRs), most often used in breeding as sources of biotic resistance, often also possess traits adapting them to marginal environments. Wild progenitors have been selected over the course of their evolutionary history to maintain their fitness under a diverse range of stresses. Conversely, modern breeding for broad adaptation has reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic challenges. There is potential to exploit genetic heterogeneity, as opposed to genetic uniformity, in breeding for the utilization of marginal lands. This review discusses the adaptive traits that could improve the performance of cultivars in marginal environments and breeding strategies to deploy them. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9243378/ /pubmed/35783966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.886162 Text en Copyright © 2022 Renzi, Coyne, Berger, von Wettberg, Nelson, Ureta, Hernández, Smýkal and Brus. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Renzi, Juan Pablo
Coyne, Clarice J.
Berger, Jens
von Wettberg, Eric
Nelson, Matthew
Ureta, Soledad
Hernández, Fernando
Smýkal, Petr
Brus, Jan
How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?
title How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?
title_full How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?
title_fullStr How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?
title_full_unstemmed How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?
title_short How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?
title_sort how could the use of crop wild relatives in breeding increase the adaptation of crops to marginal environments?
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243378/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35783966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.886162
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