Indicators for maternal near miss: an observational study, India

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of maternal near miss using the World Health Organization (WHO) near-miss tool and six other criteria sets, including criteria designed for low-resource settings or specifically for India. METHODS: In a cohort study we used WHO severity indicators to identify women with potentially life-threatening conditions during pregnancy or childbirth admitted to a referral hospital in Puducherry, India, from May 2018 to April 2021. We analysed sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data for each woman and calculated the incidence of maternal near miss and other process indicators for each set of criteria. FINDINGS: We analysed data on 37 590 live births; 1833 (4.9%) women were identified with potentially life-threatening conditions, 380 women had severe maternal outcomes and 57 died. Applying the different sets of criteria to the same data, we found the incidence of maternal near miss ranged from 7.6 to 15.6 per 1000 live births. Only the Global Network criteria (which exclude laboratory data that may not be available in low-resource settings) and the WHO criteria could identify all women who died. Applying the criterion of any number of units of blood transfusion increased the overall number of women identified with near miss. CONCLUSION: The WHO and Global Network criteria may be used to detect maternal near miss in low-resource settings. Future studies could assess the usefulness of blood transfusion as an indicator for maternal near miss, especially in low- to middle-income countries where the indicator may not reflect severe maternal morbidity if the number of units received is not specified.