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Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions

[Image: see text] Conventional ethanol spark ignition (SI) engines have poor fuel atomization and mixture formation. The objective of this paper is to improve the combustion and emission performance of ethanol SI engines under lean-burn conditions through the dual-injection mode with ethanol port in...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Zhe, Yu, Xiumin, Huang, Yan, Sang, Tao, Guo, Zezhou, Du, Yaodong, Yu, Longlong, Li, Decheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2022
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9244908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35785327
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c02154
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author Zhao, Zhe
Yu, Xiumin
Huang, Yan
Sang, Tao
Guo, Zezhou
Du, Yaodong
Yu, Longlong
Li, Decheng
author_facet Zhao, Zhe
Yu, Xiumin
Huang, Yan
Sang, Tao
Guo, Zezhou
Du, Yaodong
Yu, Longlong
Li, Decheng
author_sort Zhao, Zhe
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] Conventional ethanol spark ignition (SI) engines have poor fuel atomization and mixture formation. The objective of this paper is to improve the combustion and emission performance of ethanol SI engines under lean-burn conditions through the dual-injection mode with ethanol port injection and compressed natural gas (CNG) direct injection (CDI+EPI). This paper studies the engine performance at 1500 rpm under five CNG direct injection ratios (CDIr) and five excess air ratios (λ). The results show that as the CDIr increases under lean-burn conditions, the following occurs: the minimum advance for best torque (MBT), the coefficient of variation (CoV(IMEP)), and CO and HC emissions decrease; the crankshaft rotation or time with cumulative heat release rate ranging from 10% to 90% (CA 10–90) and NOx emissions first decrease and then increase; and torque, peak in-cylinder pressure (Pmax), and the λ limit first increase and then decrease. The larger the CDIr is, the less influence λ has on the MBT. When CDIr = 15%, the CoV(IMEP) can be effectively reduced, the engine can still work stably in all lean-burn conditions, and the λ limit will reach the maximum value of 1.73, 19.31% higher than that of the original engine (CDIr = 0). When λ = 1.1, CO emissions decrease the most and HC emissions decrease the least. At this time, CO and HC emissions decrease by 1.56 vol % and 30 ppm, respectively, on average for every 0.1 decrease in λ. For CA 10–90, torque, and Pmax, λ = 1.1, 15% CDI, and 85% EPI is the optimal combination under lean-burn conditions. When CDIr ≥ 15%, NOx emissions are at an ideal level. Under lean-burn conditions, direct-injection CNG can form a good stratified natural gas/ethanol mixture in the cylinder, effectively improving the engine’s power and stability and reducing emissions. The λ = 1.1, 15% CDI, 85% EPI combination provides a cutting-edge and outstanding solution for a natural gas/ethanol combined injection SI engine.
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spelling pubmed-92449082022-07-01 Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions Zhao, Zhe Yu, Xiumin Huang, Yan Sang, Tao Guo, Zezhou Du, Yaodong Yu, Longlong Li, Decheng ACS Omega [Image: see text] Conventional ethanol spark ignition (SI) engines have poor fuel atomization and mixture formation. The objective of this paper is to improve the combustion and emission performance of ethanol SI engines under lean-burn conditions through the dual-injection mode with ethanol port injection and compressed natural gas (CNG) direct injection (CDI+EPI). This paper studies the engine performance at 1500 rpm under five CNG direct injection ratios (CDIr) and five excess air ratios (λ). The results show that as the CDIr increases under lean-burn conditions, the following occurs: the minimum advance for best torque (MBT), the coefficient of variation (CoV(IMEP)), and CO and HC emissions decrease; the crankshaft rotation or time with cumulative heat release rate ranging from 10% to 90% (CA 10–90) and NOx emissions first decrease and then increase; and torque, peak in-cylinder pressure (Pmax), and the λ limit first increase and then decrease. The larger the CDIr is, the less influence λ has on the MBT. When CDIr = 15%, the CoV(IMEP) can be effectively reduced, the engine can still work stably in all lean-burn conditions, and the λ limit will reach the maximum value of 1.73, 19.31% higher than that of the original engine (CDIr = 0). When λ = 1.1, CO emissions decrease the most and HC emissions decrease the least. At this time, CO and HC emissions decrease by 1.56 vol % and 30 ppm, respectively, on average for every 0.1 decrease in λ. For CA 10–90, torque, and Pmax, λ = 1.1, 15% CDI, and 85% EPI is the optimal combination under lean-burn conditions. When CDIr ≥ 15%, NOx emissions are at an ideal level. Under lean-burn conditions, direct-injection CNG can form a good stratified natural gas/ethanol mixture in the cylinder, effectively improving the engine’s power and stability and reducing emissions. The λ = 1.1, 15% CDI, 85% EPI combination provides a cutting-edge and outstanding solution for a natural gas/ethanol combined injection SI engine. American Chemical Society 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9244908/ /pubmed/35785327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c02154 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Zhao, Zhe
Yu, Xiumin
Huang, Yan
Sang, Tao
Guo, Zezhou
Du, Yaodong
Yu, Longlong
Li, Decheng
Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions
title Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions
title_full Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions
title_fullStr Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions
title_short Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Combined Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Natural Gas Direct Injection Plus Ethanol Port Injection under Lean-Burn Conditions
title_sort study on combustion and emissions of a combined injection spark ignition engine with natural gas direct injection plus ethanol port injection under lean-burn conditions
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9244908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35785327
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c02154
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