Indoor air pollution, occupant health, and building system controls—a COVID-19 perspective

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has taken a serious toll on humanity and mankind, affecting every section of society. Scientists are still trying to find out the possible transmission routes of this deadly virus, with airborne routes cited by many as a possible route of infection spread. Because airborne aerosols, dust particles, and other indoor pollutants aid in virus transmission, it becomes important to assess their roles in affecting human health. The study therefore tries to review indoor air pollution and its sources, how it impacts human health, and the role of built components and technological systems in combating indoor air pollution and in the process control infection spread also. Most of the studies have found out that there exists a need to accurately determine the airflow distribution pattern rather than relying on generic ventilation standards like ventilation rates, air change rates, and CO(2) levels. Although increasing outdoor airflow rates and avoiding air recirculation are some of the suggestions given to control indoor pollution levels and infection spread, it can become challenging in areas with high ambient pollution levels. This signifies the need to incorporate additional engineering controls, sensing technologies, artificial intelligence tools, and predictive modeling methods to combat the health hazards of indoor air pollution and potential novel viruses that can emerge in the future.