Cargando…

Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study

Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8THC) is marketed in many US states as ‘legal weed’. Concerns exist relating to class-wide genotoxic cannabinoid effects. We conducted an epidemiological investigation of Δ8THC-related genotoxicity expressed as 57 congenital anomaly (CA) rates (CARs) in the USA. CARs were t...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Reece, Albert Stuart, Hulse, Gary Kenneth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9245652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35782486
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvac012
_version_ 1784738788829822976
author Reece, Albert Stuart
Hulse, Gary Kenneth
author_facet Reece, Albert Stuart
Hulse, Gary Kenneth
author_sort Reece, Albert Stuart
collection PubMed
description Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8THC) is marketed in many US states as ‘legal weed’. Concerns exist relating to class-wide genotoxic cannabinoid effects. We conducted an epidemiological investigation of Δ8THC-related genotoxicity expressed as 57 congenital anomaly (CA) rates (CARs) in the USA. CARs were taken from the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. Drug exposure data were taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, with a response rate of 74.1%. Ethnicity and income data were taken from the US Census Bureau. National cannabinoid exposure was taken from Drug Enforcement Agency publications and multiplied by state cannabis use data to derive state-based estimates of Δ8THC exposure. At bivariate continuous analysis, Δ8THC was associated with 23 CAs on raw CA rates, 33 CARs after correction for early termination for anomaly estimates and 41 on a categorical analysis comparing the highest and lowest exposure quintiles. At inverse probability weighted multivariable additive and interactive models lagged to 0, 2 and 4 years, Δ8THC was linked with 39, 8, 4 and 9 CAs. Chromosomal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, limb, central nervous system (CNS) and face systems were particularly affected. The minimum E-values ranged to infinity. Both the number of anomalies implicated and the effect sizes demonstrated were much greater for Δ8THC than for tobacco and alcohol combined. Δ8THC appears epidemiologically to be more strongly associated with many CAs than for tobacco and alcohol and is consistent with a cannabinoid class genotoxic/epigenotoxic effect. Quantitative causality criteria were fulfilled, and causal relationships either for Δ8THC or for cannabinoid/s, for which it is a surrogate marker, may be in operation.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9245652
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-92456522022-07-01 Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study Reece, Albert Stuart Hulse, Gary Kenneth Environ Epigenet Research Article Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8THC) is marketed in many US states as ‘legal weed’. Concerns exist relating to class-wide genotoxic cannabinoid effects. We conducted an epidemiological investigation of Δ8THC-related genotoxicity expressed as 57 congenital anomaly (CA) rates (CARs) in the USA. CARs were taken from the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. Drug exposure data were taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, with a response rate of 74.1%. Ethnicity and income data were taken from the US Census Bureau. National cannabinoid exposure was taken from Drug Enforcement Agency publications and multiplied by state cannabis use data to derive state-based estimates of Δ8THC exposure. At bivariate continuous analysis, Δ8THC was associated with 23 CAs on raw CA rates, 33 CARs after correction for early termination for anomaly estimates and 41 on a categorical analysis comparing the highest and lowest exposure quintiles. At inverse probability weighted multivariable additive and interactive models lagged to 0, 2 and 4 years, Δ8THC was linked with 39, 8, 4 and 9 CAs. Chromosomal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, limb, central nervous system (CNS) and face systems were particularly affected. The minimum E-values ranged to infinity. Both the number of anomalies implicated and the effect sizes demonstrated were much greater for Δ8THC than for tobacco and alcohol combined. Δ8THC appears epidemiologically to be more strongly associated with many CAs than for tobacco and alcohol and is consistent with a cannabinoid class genotoxic/epigenotoxic effect. Quantitative causality criteria were fulfilled, and causal relationships either for Δ8THC or for cannabinoid/s, for which it is a surrogate marker, may be in operation. Oxford University Press 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9245652/ /pubmed/35782486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvac012 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Research Article
Reece, Albert Stuart
Hulse, Gary Kenneth
Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
title Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
title_full Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
title_fullStr Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
title_full_unstemmed Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
title_short Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
title_sort congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of δ8thc across usa 2003–16: panel regression and causal inferential study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9245652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35782486
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvac012
work_keys_str_mv AT reecealbertstuart congenitalanomalyepidemiologicalcorrelatesofd8thcacrossusa200316panelregressionandcausalinferentialstudy
AT hulsegarykenneth congenitalanomalyepidemiologicalcorrelatesofd8thcacrossusa200316panelregressionandcausalinferentialstudy