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Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era
Despite significant healthcare advances in the 21(st) century, the exact etiology of dental caries remains unsolved. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in our understanding of dental caries amid the advent of revolutionary omics technologies. Accordingly, a consensus has been re...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247192/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35782115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907 |
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author | Moussa, Dina G. Ahmad, Paras Mansour, Tamer A. Siqueira, Walter L. |
author_facet | Moussa, Dina G. Ahmad, Paras Mansour, Tamer A. Siqueira, Walter L. |
author_sort | Moussa, Dina G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite significant healthcare advances in the 21(st) century, the exact etiology of dental caries remains unsolved. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in our understanding of dental caries amid the advent of revolutionary omics technologies. Accordingly, a consensus has been reached that dental caries is a community-scale metabolic disorder, and its etiology is beyond a single causative organism. This conclusion was based on a variety of microbiome studies following the flow of information along the central dogma of biology from genomic data to the end products of metabolism. These studies were facilitated by the unprecedented growth of the next- generation sequencing tools and omics techniques, such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, to estimate the community composition of oral microbiome and its functional potential. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving proteomics and metabolomics platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography, have enabled precise quantification of the translational outcomes. Although the majority supports ‘conserved functional changes’ as indicators of dysbiosis, it remains unclear how caries dynamics impact the microbiota functions and vice versa, over the course of disease onset and progression. What compounds the situation is the host-microbiota crosstalk. Genome-wide association studies have been undertaken to elucidate the interaction of host genetic variation with the microbiome. However, these studies are challenged by the complex interaction of host genetics and environmental factors. All these complementary approaches need to be orchestrated to capture the key players in this multifactorial disease. Herein, we critically review the milestones in caries research focusing on the state-of-art singular and integrative omics studies, supplemented with a bibliographic network analysis to address the oral microbiome, the host factors, and their interactions. Additionally, we highlight gaps in the dental literature and shed light on critical future research questions and study designs that could unravel the complexities of dental caries, the most globally widespread disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9247192 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92471922022-07-02 Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era Moussa, Dina G. Ahmad, Paras Mansour, Tamer A. Siqueira, Walter L. Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Despite significant healthcare advances in the 21(st) century, the exact etiology of dental caries remains unsolved. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in our understanding of dental caries amid the advent of revolutionary omics technologies. Accordingly, a consensus has been reached that dental caries is a community-scale metabolic disorder, and its etiology is beyond a single causative organism. This conclusion was based on a variety of microbiome studies following the flow of information along the central dogma of biology from genomic data to the end products of metabolism. These studies were facilitated by the unprecedented growth of the next- generation sequencing tools and omics techniques, such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, to estimate the community composition of oral microbiome and its functional potential. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving proteomics and metabolomics platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography, have enabled precise quantification of the translational outcomes. Although the majority supports ‘conserved functional changes’ as indicators of dysbiosis, it remains unclear how caries dynamics impact the microbiota functions and vice versa, over the course of disease onset and progression. What compounds the situation is the host-microbiota crosstalk. Genome-wide association studies have been undertaken to elucidate the interaction of host genetic variation with the microbiome. However, these studies are challenged by the complex interaction of host genetics and environmental factors. All these complementary approaches need to be orchestrated to capture the key players in this multifactorial disease. Herein, we critically review the milestones in caries research focusing on the state-of-art singular and integrative omics studies, supplemented with a bibliographic network analysis to address the oral microbiome, the host factors, and their interactions. Additionally, we highlight gaps in the dental literature and shed light on critical future research questions and study designs that could unravel the complexities of dental caries, the most globally widespread disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9247192/ /pubmed/35782115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907 Text en Copyright © 2022 Moussa, Ahmad, Mansour and Siqueira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology Moussa, Dina G. Ahmad, Paras Mansour, Tamer A. Siqueira, Walter L. Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
title | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
title_full | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
title_fullStr | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
title_full_unstemmed | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
title_short | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
title_sort | current state and challenges of the global outcomes of dental caries research in the meta-omics era |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247192/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35782115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907 |
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