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Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability

Mobile-health solutions based on heart rate variability often require electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings by inexperienced operators or real-time automatic analyses of long-term recordings by wearable devices in free-moving individuals. In this context, it is useful to associate a quality index with...

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Autores principales: Castiglioni, Paolo, Parati, Gianfranco, Faini, Andrea
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35784895
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.921210
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author Castiglioni, Paolo
Parati, Gianfranco
Faini, Andrea
author_facet Castiglioni, Paolo
Parati, Gianfranco
Faini, Andrea
author_sort Castiglioni, Paolo
collection PubMed
description Mobile-health solutions based on heart rate variability often require electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings by inexperienced operators or real-time automatic analyses of long-term recordings by wearable devices in free-moving individuals. In this context, it is useful to associate a quality index with the ECG, scoring the adequacy of the recording for heart rate variability to identify noise or arrhythmias. Therefore, this work aims to propose and validate a computational method for assessing the adequacy of single-lead ECGs for heart rate variability analysis that may run in real time on wearable systems with low computational power. The method quantifies the ECG pseudo-periodic structure employing cepstral analysis. The cepstrum (spectrum of log-spectrum) is estimated on a running ECG window of 10 s before and after “liftering” (filtering in the cepstral domain) to remove slower noise components. The ECG periodicity generates a dominant peak in the liftered cepstrum at the “quefrency” of the mean cardiac interval. The Cepstral Quality Index (CQI) is the ratio between the cepstral-peak power and the total power of the unliftered cepstrum. Noises and arrhythmias reduce the relative power of the cepstral peak decreasing CQI. We analyzed a public dataset of 6072 single-lead ECGs manually classified in normal rhythm or inadequate for heart rate variability analysis because of noise or atrial fibrillation, and the CQI = 47% cut-off identified the inadequate recordings with 79% sensitivity and 85% specificity. We showed that the performance is independent of the lead considering a public dataset of 1,000 12-lead recordings with quality classified as “acceptable” or “unacceptable” by visual inspection. Thus, the cepstrum describes the ECG periodic structure effectively and concisely and CQI appears to be a robust score of the adequacy of ECG recording for heart rate variability analysis, evaluable in real-time on wearable devices.
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spelling pubmed-92473072022-07-02 Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability Castiglioni, Paolo Parati, Gianfranco Faini, Andrea Front Physiol Physiology Mobile-health solutions based on heart rate variability often require electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings by inexperienced operators or real-time automatic analyses of long-term recordings by wearable devices in free-moving individuals. In this context, it is useful to associate a quality index with the ECG, scoring the adequacy of the recording for heart rate variability to identify noise or arrhythmias. Therefore, this work aims to propose and validate a computational method for assessing the adequacy of single-lead ECGs for heart rate variability analysis that may run in real time on wearable systems with low computational power. The method quantifies the ECG pseudo-periodic structure employing cepstral analysis. The cepstrum (spectrum of log-spectrum) is estimated on a running ECG window of 10 s before and after “liftering” (filtering in the cepstral domain) to remove slower noise components. The ECG periodicity generates a dominant peak in the liftered cepstrum at the “quefrency” of the mean cardiac interval. The Cepstral Quality Index (CQI) is the ratio between the cepstral-peak power and the total power of the unliftered cepstrum. Noises and arrhythmias reduce the relative power of the cepstral peak decreasing CQI. We analyzed a public dataset of 6072 single-lead ECGs manually classified in normal rhythm or inadequate for heart rate variability analysis because of noise or atrial fibrillation, and the CQI = 47% cut-off identified the inadequate recordings with 79% sensitivity and 85% specificity. We showed that the performance is independent of the lead considering a public dataset of 1,000 12-lead recordings with quality classified as “acceptable” or “unacceptable” by visual inspection. Thus, the cepstrum describes the ECG periodic structure effectively and concisely and CQI appears to be a robust score of the adequacy of ECG recording for heart rate variability analysis, evaluable in real-time on wearable devices. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9247307/ /pubmed/35784895 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.921210 Text en Copyright © 2022 Castiglioni, Parati and Faini. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Castiglioni, Paolo
Parati, Gianfranco
Faini, Andrea
Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability
title Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability
title_full Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability
title_fullStr Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability
title_full_unstemmed Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability
title_short Cepstral Analysis for Scoring the Quality of Electrocardiograms for Heart Rate Variability
title_sort cepstral analysis for scoring the quality of electrocardiograms for heart rate variability
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35784895
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.921210
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