Blood cytology in children with down syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Down syndrome is associated with various congenital anomalies and metabolic alterations such as hematological alterations. Values for the major hematological indicators vary with age and sex, but these values have not been described for Mexican children with Down syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To describe the complete blood count (CBC) values of pediatric patients with Down syndrome in México and report the most common non-malignant hematological alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis includes data from 450 patients with Down syndrome, 55.5% ware males, aged 0-18 years who were patients at the Mexican National Institute of Pediatrics and whose clinical charts included CBC panel results for the period January 2008 through March 2018. RESULTS: A total of 3438 CBC panels were analyzed with descriptive statistics to find the values and statistical dispersion of the major indicators, with percentiles, and reported separately by sex and age group. The most common non-malignant hematological alterations found were macrocytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytosis. There were differences in values in all three series. CONCLUSIONS: The CBC panels and hematological alterations are summarized for patients with Down syndrome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03450-8.