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The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution
BACKGROUND: Foreign-born Black and Latina women on average have higher birthweight infants than their US-born counterparts, despite generally worse socioeconomic indicators and prenatal care access, i.e. ‘immigrant birthweight paradox’ (IBP). Residence in immigrant enclaves and associated social-cul...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9250941/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34980894 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00403-8 |
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author | Chu, MyDzung T. Ettinger de Cuba, Stephanie Fabian, M. Patricia Lane, Kevin James James-Todd, Tamarra Williams, David R. Coull, Brent A. Carnes, Fei Massaro, Marisa Levy, Jonathan I. Laden, Francine Sandel, Megan Adamkiewicz, Gary Zanobetti, Antonella |
author_facet | Chu, MyDzung T. Ettinger de Cuba, Stephanie Fabian, M. Patricia Lane, Kevin James James-Todd, Tamarra Williams, David R. Coull, Brent A. Carnes, Fei Massaro, Marisa Levy, Jonathan I. Laden, Francine Sandel, Megan Adamkiewicz, Gary Zanobetti, Antonella |
author_sort | Chu, MyDzung T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Foreign-born Black and Latina women on average have higher birthweight infants than their US-born counterparts, despite generally worse socioeconomic indicators and prenatal care access, i.e. ‘immigrant birthweight paradox’ (IBP). Residence in immigrant enclaves and associated social-cultural and economic benefits may be drivers of IBP. Yet, enclaves have been found to have higher air pollution, a risk factor for lower birthweight. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of immigrant enclaves and children’s birthweight accounting for prenatal ambient air pollution exposure. METHODS: In the Boston-based Children’s HealthWatch cohort of mother-child dyads, we obtained birthweight-for-gestational-age z-scores (BWGAZ) for US-born births, 2006–2015. We developed an immigrant enclave score based on census-tract percentages of foreign-born, non-citizen, and linguistically-isolated households statewide. We estimated trimester-specific PM(2.5) concentrations and proximity to major roads based residential address at birth. We fit multivariable linear regressions of BWGAZ and examined effect modification by maternal nativity. Analyses were restricted to non-smoking women and term births. RESULTS: Foreign-born women had children with 0.176 (95% CI: 0.092, 0.261) higher BWGAZ than US-born women, demonstrating the IBP in our cohort. Immigrant enclave score was not associated with BWGAZ, even after adjusting for air pollution exposures. However, this association was significantly modified by maternal nativity (p(interaction) = 0.014), in which immigrant enclave score was positively associated with BWGAZ for only foreign-born women (0.090, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.172). Proximity to major roads was negatively associated with BWGAZ (−0.018 per 10m, 95% CI: −0.032, −0.003) and positively correlated with immigrant enclave scores. Trimester-specific PM(2.5) concentrations were not associated with BWGAZ. SIGNIFICANCE: Residence in immigrant enclaves was associated with higher birthweight children for foreign-born women, supporting the role of immigrant enclaves in the IBP. Future research of the IBP should account for immigrant enclaves and assess their spatial correlation with potential environmental risk factors and protective resources. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9250941 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92509412022-08-06 The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution Chu, MyDzung T. Ettinger de Cuba, Stephanie Fabian, M. Patricia Lane, Kevin James James-Todd, Tamarra Williams, David R. Coull, Brent A. Carnes, Fei Massaro, Marisa Levy, Jonathan I. Laden, Francine Sandel, Megan Adamkiewicz, Gary Zanobetti, Antonella J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Article BACKGROUND: Foreign-born Black and Latina women on average have higher birthweight infants than their US-born counterparts, despite generally worse socioeconomic indicators and prenatal care access, i.e. ‘immigrant birthweight paradox’ (IBP). Residence in immigrant enclaves and associated social-cultural and economic benefits may be drivers of IBP. Yet, enclaves have been found to have higher air pollution, a risk factor for lower birthweight. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of immigrant enclaves and children’s birthweight accounting for prenatal ambient air pollution exposure. METHODS: In the Boston-based Children’s HealthWatch cohort of mother-child dyads, we obtained birthweight-for-gestational-age z-scores (BWGAZ) for US-born births, 2006–2015. We developed an immigrant enclave score based on census-tract percentages of foreign-born, non-citizen, and linguistically-isolated households statewide. We estimated trimester-specific PM(2.5) concentrations and proximity to major roads based residential address at birth. We fit multivariable linear regressions of BWGAZ and examined effect modification by maternal nativity. Analyses were restricted to non-smoking women and term births. RESULTS: Foreign-born women had children with 0.176 (95% CI: 0.092, 0.261) higher BWGAZ than US-born women, demonstrating the IBP in our cohort. Immigrant enclave score was not associated with BWGAZ, even after adjusting for air pollution exposures. However, this association was significantly modified by maternal nativity (p(interaction) = 0.014), in which immigrant enclave score was positively associated with BWGAZ for only foreign-born women (0.090, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.172). Proximity to major roads was negatively associated with BWGAZ (−0.018 per 10m, 95% CI: −0.032, −0.003) and positively correlated with immigrant enclave scores. Trimester-specific PM(2.5) concentrations were not associated with BWGAZ. SIGNIFICANCE: Residence in immigrant enclaves was associated with higher birthweight children for foreign-born women, supporting the role of immigrant enclaves in the IBP. Future research of the IBP should account for immigrant enclaves and assess their spatial correlation with potential environmental risk factors and protective resources. 2022-07 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9250941/ /pubmed/34980894 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00403-8 Text en http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#termsUsers may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms |
spellingShingle | Article Chu, MyDzung T. Ettinger de Cuba, Stephanie Fabian, M. Patricia Lane, Kevin James James-Todd, Tamarra Williams, David R. Coull, Brent A. Carnes, Fei Massaro, Marisa Levy, Jonathan I. Laden, Francine Sandel, Megan Adamkiewicz, Gary Zanobetti, Antonella The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution |
title | The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution |
title_full | The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution |
title_fullStr | The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution |
title_full_unstemmed | The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution |
title_short | The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution |
title_sort | immigrant birthweight paradox in an urban cohort: role of immigrant enclaves and ambient air pollution |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9250941/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34980894 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00403-8 |
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